A mineral….

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What is a Mineral.

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Presentation transcript:

A mineral…

is naturally occurring and inorganic - Not manufactured Has never been alive Coal is not a mineral

is a solid with specific composition - Is not a liquid or gas Is made up of specific elements Natural gas is not a mineral

has a definite crystalline structure - Atoms are all arranged in the same way Silicates crystalline structure is a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron (1 Si and 4 O) Non-silicates have a diverse chemical composition that they display a vast variety of crystalline structures. Common crystal structures are cubes, hexagonal and irregular masses.

Six Major Crystal Systems Cubic

Minerals from Magma

Magma is: Molten material beneath the surface of the Earth

When magma is forced upward it: Cools And compounds in the magma interact chemically to form minerals

Crystal Size If the magma reaches Earth’s surface before crystallizing, it cools quickly and small crystals form. If the magma crystallizes in Earth’s heated interior, it cools slowly and large crystals have time to form.

Crystal Size Size of crystal is dependent on: Rate of cooling Amount of gas contained in the magma Chemical composition of magma

Mineral Groups Oxygen + metal = oxides Oxygen + silicone = silicates Examples: hematite, magnetite Oxygen + silicone = silicates Examples: feldspar, quartz Oxygen + carbon = carbonates Examples: dolomite, calcite