A controlled study on the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential therapy upon the RIII nociceptive and H-reflexes in.

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A controlled study on the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and interferential therapy upon the RIII nociceptive and H-reflexes in humans Fiona L. Cramp, BSc(Hons), Gareth Noble, BSc(Hons), Andrea S. Lowe, DPhil, Deirdre M. Walsh, DPhil, Jean Claude Willer, MD, DSc Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 81, Issue 3, Pages 324-333 (March 2000) DOI: 10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90079-0 Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Details of the experimental procedure, illustrating the placement of the TENS/IFT electrodes, skin thermistor probes, and the H-reflex and RIII reflex stimulation and recording electrodes. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000 81, 324-333DOI: (10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90079-0) Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Typical monosynaptic reflexes (H-reflex) recorded from the tibial nerve below the union of the bellies of gastrocnemius after stimulation of the nerve at the level of the popliteal fossa. Negative peak latency (NPL) is indicated. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000 81, 324-333DOI: (10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90079-0) Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Summary of H-reflex negative peak latency (NPL) difference scores plotted against time for each of the experimental groups under investigation (mean ± SEM; n = 10 all groups). Any positive values (ie, above baseline) represent a decrease in conduction velocity. ■, IFT 5Hz; ▴, IFT 100Hz; ●, IFT 200Hz; □, TENS 5Hz; ▵, TENS 100Hz; ○, TENS 200Hz; ⊕, control. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000 81, 324-333DOI: (10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90079-0) Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Summary of H-reflex peak-to-peak amplitude (PPA) difference scores plotted against time for each of the experimental groups under investigation (mean ± SEM; n = 10 all groups). ■, IFT 5Hz; ▴, IFT 100Hz; ●, IFT 200Hz; □, TENS 5Hz; ▵, TENS 100Hz; ○, TENS 200Hz; ⊕, control. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000 81, 324-333DOI: (10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90079-0) Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 A typical nociceptive reflex (RIII) response recorded from the biceps femoris muscle after stimulation applied to the skin overlying the sural nerve at the level of the lateral malleolus. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000 81, 324-333DOI: (10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90079-0) Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Summary of RIII area difference scores plotted against time for each of the experimental groups under investigation (mean ± SEM; n = 10 all groups). Any negative values (ie, below baseline) represent a hypoalgesic effect. ■, IFT 5Hz; ▴, IFT 100Hz; ●, IFT 200Hz; □, TENS 5Hz; ▵, TENS 100Hz; ○, TENS 200Hz; ⊕, control. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000 81, 324-333DOI: (10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90079-0) Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Summary of RIII maximum amplitude difference scores plotted against time for each of the experimental groups under investigation (mean ± SEM; n = 10 all groups). Any negative values (ie, below baseline) represent a hypoalgesic effect. ■, IFT 5Hz; ▴, IFT 100Hz; ●, IFT 200Hz; □, TENS 5Hz; ▵, TENS 100Hz; ○, TENS 200Hz; ⊕, control. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000 81, 324-333DOI: (10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90079-0) Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Summary of VAS difference scores plotted against time for each of the experimental groups under investigation (mean ± SEM; n = 10 all groups). Any negative values (ie, below baseline) represent a hypoalgesic effect. ■, IFT 5Hz; ▴, IFT 100Hz; ●, IFT 200Hz; □, TENS 5Hz; ▵, TENS 100Hz; ○, TENS 200Hz; ⊕, control. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2000 81, 324-333DOI: (10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90079-0) Copyright © 2000 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions