Colonial America Chapter 3

Essential Question How does geography influence the way people live? How do new ideas change the way people live?

Lesson 1:Roanoke & Jamestown What problems did Roanoke settlers encounter? Queen Elizabeth gave Sir Walter Raleigh permission to claim land for England Roanoke Island (now off coast of North Carolina)—at time was considered part of Virginia 1585 First Settlers Arrived—returned to England after harsh winter 1587: 91 men, 17 women, 9 children travelled to Roanoke Virginia Dare—first English child born in North America

White returned to England for supplies Return trip delayed by 3 years Returned to find Roanoke colony deserted “Croatoan” carved in a tree (island 50 miles away)

Success at Jamestown Why did James town settlement succeed? King James I (England) charted a colony in North America—1606 The Virginia Company Joint-stock Company 144 Settlers Jamestown -1607 Jamestown Survives John Smith forced settlers to work and kept the colonist alive first 2 years Built relationship with Powhatan tribe and chief Powhatan 1609-1610 “Starving Time” New settlers arrive Cash crop of tobacco grown

More Settlers Come to Virginia Headright—gave land to settlers Burgesses--colonists had representatives in government 1624 becomes a royal colony

Lesson 2: The New England Colonies Why did the Puritans settle in North America? Seeking Religious Freedom Henry VIII—broke from Catholic church to form church of England Settlers seeking religious freedom traveled to Americas Puritans: reform Anglican Church Separatists: leave the Anglican Church and start new church Separatists first fled to Netherlands—no work, kids losing English ways—relocated to Americas

The Pilgrims Settle Plymouth 1620 group of Separatists head to America—Pilgrims Land grants from Virginia company Ship named Mayflower Off course they landed at Cape Cod and landed at Plymouth

The Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact created on board because charter no longer valid Began foundation of representative democracy Native America Help Half of Pilgrims died Squanto and Samoset helped pilgrims learn to farm and made peace with Wampanoag tribe Celebrated Thanksgiving

New Colonies What role did religion play in founding the various colonies? 1629 Massachusetts Bay Company John Winthrop—governor Settled Boston “Great Migration” movement of settlers to Americas for religious freedom Colonists wanted voice in government. Voting requirements included male, church membership, landowners Connecticut and Rhode Island Connecticut rich farm land Thomas Hooker-minister who settled Hartford Became Connecticut Fundamental Orders of Connecticut—first written constitution in Americas

Conflict with Native Americans Roger Williams—founded (Providence) Rhode Island RI place of religious tolerance John Wheelwright—founded New Hampshire Conflict with Native Americans Colonists and Native Americans competed for land rights Metacomet (Wampanoag) known as King Philip waged war with New England colony 14 mo of fighting—colonists defeated Native Americans

Lesson 3: The Middle Colonies New York and New Jersey Why did middle colonies grow? England colonies: north New England, south Virginia and Maryland Colonies in between controlled by Dutch New Amsterdam (Manhattan Island)—Dutch colony—important trading center because of Hudson River

Lesson 3: The Middle Colonies New York and New Jersey Why did middle colonies grow? New Netherlands controlled by Dutch West India Company Increased population by offering land to settlers Patroons: received land grants for bringing at least 50 settlers—ruled like a king

New Netherland Becomes New York England attacks New Netherlands—Peter Stuyvesant (governor) surrendered King Charles gave colony to brother of York—renamed New York New York-proprietary colony New York-diverse population; first Jewish settlement New York—fast growing colony

Founding New Jersey Duke of York divided colony Lord John Berkeley/Sir George Carteret—New Jersey Attracted settlers with religious freedom, trial by jury, and representative assembly Diverse population Became a royal colony

Pennsylvania and Delaware How did Pennsylvania differ from the other English colonies? William Penn (Quaker) founded Pennsylvania Pennsylvania--’holy experiment’ Quakers believed everyone equal, people followed ‘inner light,’ pacifists Penn supervised Philadelphia build “city of brotherly love” Penn wrote Pennsylvania’s first constitution Paid Native Americans for lands/negotiated treatises

Penn advertised colony in Europe Colony had representative legislature Prosperous city/port Sweden had settled area before Dutch and English took over Delaware: southern counties formed own legislature Delaware still under authority of Pennsylvania but functioned as separate colony

Lesson 4: The Southern Colonies Virginia and Maryland What problems faced Maryland and Virginia? Demand for workers/laborers encouraged slave trade 1619 Group of 20 African slaves arrive in US on Dutch ship England shipped in criminals and prisoners People became indentured servants

Founding Maryland Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore Settlement for Catholics Calvert died—son Cecilius took over Cecilius gave estate to English aristocrats Boundary between Penn and Maryland known as Mason-Dixon line Act of Tolerance 1649—ensured Catholics and Protestants could worship freely 1692-royal colony-Protestant Church official church

Rebellion in Virginia Virginia grew and came into conflict with Native Americans William Berkeley—made agreement with Native Americans for a tract of land Bacon—planter of western Virginia Bacon’s Rebellion 1676—attached native american villages, burned Jamestown—suddenly ill and died

The Carolinas and Georgia What factors contributed to the growth of the Carolinas? King Charles II—founded Virginia as a proprietary colony—Carolinas “Charles Land” John Locke wrote consitution Two Carolinas Carolina splits into North and South Northern: grew tobacco, timber, tar—used Virginia’s ports Southern: fertile land, ports of Charles Town (Charleston), trade Rice/Indigo became important crops (Eliza Lucas-indigo crop)

Georgia James Oglethorpe—charter from George II to make colony for poor and debtors Block Spanish attacks from FL Colony became royal in 1751