Other Ancient Civilizations

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Presentation transcript:

Other Ancient Civilizations

The Phoenicians 2500 – 539 BC Most powerful merchants/traders in ancient world Centered around the cities of Sidon and Tyre in modern day Lebanon & Israel Built trading colonies across the Mediterranean

The Phoenicians 2500 – 539 BC Trade goods included dye, cedar wood, slaves, glass, wine, silver, and tin Among the best ship-builders in the ancient world, rivalled only the Greeks First ancient civilization to sail beyond the Mediterranean

Tyrian Purple Reddish-purple dye Extracted from the spiny murex snail that lived near Phoenician city of Tyre So rare and valuable, only royalty could afford it Phoenicians made huge profits on its export Became a royal symbol

Alphabet First alphabet in the world 22 consonants Developed so that Phoenicians could communicate with all the various cultures they traded with Influenced the Greek alphabet, which eventually led to the Latin alphabet (the one we use today)

The Hebrews First recorded around 2000 BC when Abraham and his followers left Mesopotamia for Canaan along the Mediterranean Sea Many moved to Egypt during a drought, only to leave 400 years later, led by Moses. They reconquered and resettled Canaan, or Palestine, which they called Israel Moses was considered a great lawgiver, giving the Hebrews the 10 Commandments and other laws These laws and traditions form the foundation of Judaism

Judaism Monotheistic: Believes in only one God The Jews believe they have a covenant with God – they are His Chosen People. He will provide for them and take care of them so long as they follow his laws. Holy city: Jerusalem (capital of Israel) Holy book: Torah, which includes the writings of the prophets Believe many prophets have been sent by God to reveal his wishes and warnings Holy Days include Rosh Hashanah (New year), Yom Kippur (day of atonement), Passover (remembrance of the exodus from Egypt), and Hanukkah (recovery of the temple from the Assyrians)

1. I am the Lord your God, who has brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. 2. You shall have no other gods beside Me. You shall not make for yourself any carved idol, or any likeness of any thing... you shall not bow down to them, nor serve them... 3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain... 4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shall you labor and do all your work; but the seventh day is a Sabbath to God... For in six days God made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore God blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it. 5. Honor your father and your mother... 6. You shall not murder. 7. You shall not commit adultery. 8. You shall not steal. 9. You shall not bear false witness against your fellow. 10. You shall not covet...anything that is your fellow's.

The Hebrews The Kingdom of Israel grew most powerful under the Kings David and his son Solomon, who built the Temple in Jerusalem. Civil War split Israel in two after Solomon’s death, and both Israel and Judah were eventually conquered by the Assyrians (and later the Greeks, Romans, etc.