Aim: Nomadic Empires (Turks/Mongols) and Eurasian Integration

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: Nomadic Empires (Turks/Mongols) and Eurasian Integration

Mongol Geography Central Asian Steppe (Grassland) Lack of Arable (Fertile) Land  Focus on Animal Herding (Pastoralism) Flat land = Horseback Riding and Travel is Very Easy

The Yurt

http://www.woodlandyurts.co.uk/Yurt_Facts/Build_Your_Own.html

Genghis Khan 1206 –Khagan (Supreme Ruler) Unites all Mongols Brilliant Organizer Strategist Harsh and Cruel Ruler CONQUEROR NOT ADMINISTRATOR

Mongol Military Might Excellent Cavalry Skills: Bow and Arrow Speed in Attack/Retreat Military Values Organization Ferocity – Surrender or EVERYONE dies Weapons Flaming Arrows Gunpowder Seige Weapons

MONGOL GOLDEN AGE PAX MONGOLIA Extensive TRADE Mongols ensured open and safe trade routes. All of Eurasia has increased trade Russia, Middle East, India, China Great pandemic (PLAGUE) 1347-1352 Spread the Plague “Enjoyed such a peace that a man might have journeyed from the land of the sunrise to the land of the sunset with a golden platter upon his head without suffering the least violence from anyone.”

Mongol Conquests SUCCESS China Persia Russia Central Asia FAILURE JAPAN SE ASIA W. EUROPE EGYPT

Re-Organization 4 Khanates After the death of Genghis Khan… Khanate of the Golden Horde: RUSSIA Khanate of the Great Khan: MONGOLIA/CHINA Khanate of Chagatia: CENTRAL ASIA Ilkhanate/Khanate of the IlKhans: PERSIA/MIDDLE EAST

How did Mongols treat the people they conquered? Demanded slavish obedience and tribute Open to new ideas/cultures Religious Tolerance (Shamanistic) New Capital – Karakorum Confucian Scholars Muslim Engineers Taoist Holy Men

Mongol Court Historian “In retribution for every hair on Mongol heads, it seemed that a hundred thousand heads would roll in the dust” Mongol Court Historian

Impact of Mongol Rule Russia Isolated Russia from Western Europe No Renaissance, Enlightenment, Industrialization United Russian City-States under one ruler China Opened China up to trade and interaction Gunpowder, Block Printing, Plague are spread Eurasia Unprecedented levels of trade and interaction Cultural Diffusion: Religion, Technology, etc. The Plague

Marco Polo Marco Polo is an Italian Merchant who travels to China. Kublai Khan is the leader of the Great Khan Marco Polo serves in Kublai Khan’s Court Marco Polo - 1st History of China in Europe Increases Interaction between Europe and Asia

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