Organic Chemistry

The study of carbon containing molecules Organic Chemistry The study of carbon containing molecules Exception= Carbon dioxide

Properties of carbon *6 protons, 6 electrons *Needs 8 electrons in outer energy shell to be stable. *can form up to four bonds, one with each electron

Carbon C

Methane H C H H Carbon is now stable With eight outer electrons H

All Organic molecules have a Carbon SKELETON

Chains -C-C-C-C-C-C-C- Unbranched

C - C - C- C- C- C - Branched

-C-C=C-C-C-C- Double bonded

Rings C—C -C- -C- Single Ring

Double Ring c c c c c c c c c c

Classification of Organic Compounds

By similar characteristics

Functional Groups A group of atoms that behave in a specific way no matter what the rest of the molecule is.

Functional groups: Add to the stability of a molecule Are involved with specific reactions.

Carboxyl Group OH COOH C = O *Organic acids *Found in Amino acids *Polar molecules

Example: Acetic acid H O H C C H OH

Methyl Group CH3 H ?- C - H *Polar *Found in Fatty acids and Amino acids

Example: Methane H H- C – H

Phosphate Group O-P-OH O PO4 OH *Organic phosphates *Nucleic acids *Lipids

Amino Group NH2 H ?- N –H *Amino acids

Alcohol Group COH C-OH *Simple sugars *Alcohols

Example: H H-C-OH alcohol Methanol Methyl

Aldehyde Group CHO H -C=O *Simple sugars

Example: H H-C=O Formaldehyde

You will learn to recognize Functional Groups in our study of: * Carbohydrates *Lipids *Proteins * Nucleic acids

Practice Identifying Functional groups