Photosynthesis.

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Presentation transcript:

Photosynthesis

Parts of the Leaf sites of photosynthesis Chloroplasts sites of photosynthesis contains chlorophyll - green pigment (stem, unripe fruit, LEAVES) Light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll which drives the synthesis of organic molecules

Stomata (stoma): site of gas exchange - CO2 in the leaf and O2 /water vapour out the leaf

Roots: water is delivered to the leaves vessels (xylem)and sugar is exported to the roots via the vessels (phloem)

Structures of a Chloroplast Stroma: fluid within the chloroplast Thylakoid: flattened membranes that contains chlorophyll Grana: stacked thylakoids

Inside a chloroplast

Chemical Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Or reduced equation: CO2 + H2O + light  CH2O + O2

Two Stages of Photosynthesis Light reactions (photo) Calvin cycle (synthesis) Light Reactions: -occurs in the thylakoid of chloroplasts -light absorbed by chlorophyll drives a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to an electron acceptor NADP+

-NADP+ temporarily stores energized electrons -water is split in the process and therefore the light reaction of photosynthesis gives of oxygen as a by product -NADP+ gets reduced (gains 2 electrons and an hydrogen ion) by solar power and forms NADPH  this generates ATP by powering a phosphate to ADP

-This synthesis of ATP ( P + ADP ) is called photophosphorylation -This synthesis of ATP ( P + ADP ) is called photophosphorylation. ** Light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of two compounds: 1. NADPH (energized electrons) 2. ATP (energy currency of cells)

Calvin Cycle -also known as dark reactions or light independent reactions -YET occurs in the light because it is powered by ATP and NADPH which require light -process involves synthesis of sugar (carbohydrate) -occurs in the stroma(fluid)

-Carbon fixation: incorporating CO2 from the air into an organic compound -the fixed carbon is then reduced (gains electrons) to form a carbohydrate -fixed carbon is able to be reduced due to the NADPH reducing power and ATP produced by the light reaction