Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration

4.2.1 Analyze photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of how energy is stored, released, and transferred within and between these systems.

Photosynthesis The process that uses the sun’s energy to make simple sugars. The sugars are then converted to carbohydrates such as starches. Occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

2 phases 1.) Light dependent reactions: convert light energy into chemical energy. The ATP and NADPH created is used to fuel, 2.) Light independent reactions (DARK): produce the simple sugars. Remember this equation: CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2

Photosynthesis Light, pH, temperature, water, and CO2 affects the rate O2 is produced.

Cellular Respiration Occurs in mitochondria. Break down of food molecules to produce ATP. Opposite reactants and products of photosynthesis: O2 + C6H1206 -> H20 + CO2 + ATP

2 Types 1. Aerobic (meaning requires oxygen) Most efficient in making ATP All animals and plants 2. Anaerobic (doesn’t require oxygen) - Doesn’t produce a lot of ATP. -Some bacteria and yeast.

Anaerobic Respiration Also called fermentation Alcoholic fermentation occurs in yeast and some bacteria, and produces carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol. Lactic Acid fermentation occurs in bacteria and muscle cells. A build up of lactic acid is what causes muscle soreness.

Anaerobic Respiration CO2 is what is produced (inside the balloon). Yeast is in bottle.