World War I Treaty of Versailles
America in the War Duration- 18 months Impact- psychological boost Doughboys- AEF Major US Battles- Summer 1918- Chateau Thierry Belleau Wood Meuse- Argonne Offensive- largest of the war
Results of WWI Death Destruction Debt / Depression Despair 10 million dead, 21 million wounded Destruction Loss of agriculture and industry Debt / Depression Taxes increased to pay cost of war; trade down, so tariffs rise Economic hardship for Europe… political chaos Despair Insecurity and loss of ideals Democracy/ Dictatorships Many new countries in Europe
Fourteen Points Wilson’s peace plan Deal with causes to achieve peace and democracy No one blamed, no one held responsible League of Nations for collective security and cooperation
Armistice Day Date: 11/ 11/ 18 Armistice: Germans accept believing 14 Points would be the basis for a peace treaty
Paris Peace Conference January, 1919- May, 1919 At Versailles Big Four Wilson- US George Clemenceau- France David Lloyd-George- Britain Vittorio Orlando- Italy
Paris Peace Conference Losers: German and Russia Not invited to the Conference Treated like a defeated enemy Treated like they started it
Treaty of Versailles A victor’s peace Germany Discontent with Treaty… Hall of Mirrors Germany 1. Territories 2. Military 3. War Guilt 4. Reparations Discontent with Treaty…
Ratification Problems 1918 Midterms: Reps win control of Congress Failure to consult senators Henry Cabot Lodge- Chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Failure to est. bipartisan peace delegation Leading Republicans were not invited to Paris
Ratification Problems Failure to accept compromises and amendments Reservationists oppose the League of Nations and want the treaty amended Failure of Wilson’s health Stroke while on speech tour… best we could get! Failure to ratify the Treaty US doesn’t join League of Nations US signs a separate treaty in 1921!