Developmental Disabilities Mental Retardation / Intellectual Disabilities & Syndromes

Intellectual Disabilities Manifests from 0 – 18/22 years of age Limitations in cognitive functioning and demonstrates developmental delays. Sub-average intelligence

Including: 2 of these areas Limits in: Communication Self-Care Home Living Safety Skills Health Social Skills Community

Statistics 1.5-2.5% of American Population has potentially intellectual disabilities

People with Profound Intellectual Disabilities Less than 1/100 births IQ< 25 Neuro, Skeletal, Sensory, CNS, Self-care, Motor activity

People with Severe Intellectual Disabilities Approximately 7/100 births IQ<40 Poor Motor Development Poor or Limited Communication

People with Moderate Intellectual Disabilities Approximately 12/100 births IQ<50 Talks in simple words, short phrases, ADL’s, Needs Social Skills, 2’nd grade level

People with Mild Intellectual Disabilities Approximately 80/100 births IQ<70 Social, Communication, Memory Difficulties: Needs more assistance in stressful situations and Judgment Skills

People with Borderline Intellectual Disabilities Most births in this range IQ in the 80’s Very Social, Communicate well, Needs more assistance with learning new skills, Stress and Judgment difficulties

Causes of Intellectual Disabilities 75% of causes of Intellectual Disabilities is unknown 25% of all cases are known

Heredity Down-flat face-enlarged tongue Fragile X Prader Willi

Heredity: Down Syndrome Flat face Small hands/feet Poor muscle tone Enlarged tongue Slanted eyes 1-800 births.  It is the most common single cause of birth defects in the United States (NIH, 2012. During the first trimester, most OB/GYN's will conduct an ultrasound..

Fragile X Most common known heredity cause of ID Large head Long face Prominent ears, chin, and forehead Discovered in 1991 also known as Martin-Bell Commonly known as intellectual disabilities

Prader Willi Small gestational age Floppy like rag doll Problems with swallow, suck, and weight gain

Heredity??? Autism Link to genetics 60% no ID Dx is made with deficits in Communication Social Skills Inability to shift focus

PreNatal Causes Metabolic Disorders PKU Rh Environmental Disorders PKU is short for phenylketouria: People cannot process these amino acids. They build up in the body and are toxic to the brain. Toxins cause mental retardation, poor focus, mood swings, irritability, depression and slow reaction time Rh – disease caused upon birth with aminonic fluid exchange from baby to mom affects can be mild to severe. Environmental factors, include Fetal Alcohol Syndrome- narrow small eyes, small head and upper jaw, smooth groove and thinning in upper lip abnormal heart development, behavior problems, MR, poor growth and coordinatio t

Post-Natal Causes Birth Trauma Anoxia Malnutrition More than 16 million in the US children go hungry. 1 in 5,

Childhood Causes Trauma Infections Toxic Metabolic Disorders

SYNDROMES Cerebral Palsy Epilepsy Intellectual Disabilities

Psychological Disorders 30% of people with disabilities have psychological involvement. Depression Bi-polar PTSS Obsessive-Compulsive Aggressive Disorders

Stories Heather Tawnya

Services Regional Center Assessments Vendors Area Board X111 Distributes $ Area Board X111 Quality Control Rights Active in Politics

1960’s - 1990’s Human Status Achieved in 1963 Treatments Active Treatment Person Centered Inclusion

2000 Choice Self-Determination People First

SELF ADVOCACY MOVIE

Having a disability Challenges facing How are different people viewed What can you do as a person/nurse