Carbohydrates=Carbon + water (1st macromolecule) Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1— C:H:O or(CH2O)n n is usually 6 for simple sugars or saccharides Main function is energy storage for the body. Also makes up cell membranes.

N values ranging from 3-7 are called simple sugars, or monosaccharides N values ranging from 3-7 are called simple sugars, or monosaccharides. Two monosaccharides= a disaccharide Many carbohydrates= polysaccharides.

Monosaccharides C6 H 12 O 6 is the molecular formula= (element symbol and # of atoms). Monosaccharides are fructose, glucose, and galactose. Often end in –ose. These are called isomers=same formula but different structure. They have different chemical properties.

Test is the benedict’s test-bright blue solution turns to red or orange when heated. 4 calories per gram Only made of the elements C, H, and O

Dehydration synthesis=process that monomers are bonded together to form polymers. One monomer gives up OH- and one gives up H+. Water is formed. Anabolic reaction because it builds molecules.

3 Disaccharides 1.Sucrose=glucose + fructose 2.Maltose=glucose + glucose 3.Lactose=glucose + galactose Molecular formula for all 3 is C12 H22 O11 No chemical test

Polysaccharides 1. starch- in potatoes 2. glycogen- in liver and muscles 3. cellulose- in plants (gives it strength) Test is Iodine-turns dark blue or black Molecular formula is (C6 H10 O 5)n