Daniel Chua 31 January 2008 Trajectory Simulation Validation of Drag Loss Model – Constant Steering After First Stage Assisted by Amanda Briden, Elizabeth Harkness and Brad Ferris

Trajectory Simulation – Drag Loss Expect smaller launch vehicles to suffer greater drag losses Expect larger steering angles to result in lower drag losses Keep steering angle constant after 1st stage Run for 2nd and 3rd stage angles Trajectory Optimization

Trajectory Simulation – Drag Loss Results: Compare to Shuttle (2029633 kg GLOM): 107 m/s Titan IV/Centaur (886420 kg GLOM): 156 m/s (from SMAD) Trajectory Optimization

Trajectory Optimization References Wertz, J. R., and Larson, W. J., Space Mission Analysis and Design, 3rd ed., Microcosm, 1999 Humble, R.W., and Henry, G.N., Space Propulsion Analysis and Design, 7th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1995 Trajectory Optimization