A Global Conflict 13.3

The Gallipoli Campaign What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign? The Dardanelles opened a gateway to the Ottoman capital, Constantinople (Istanbul) By securing the Dardanelles, the Allies believed they could take Constantinople and establish a supply line to Russia What was the result of the Gallipoli campaign? The war turned into a bloody stalemate In December, after months of trench warfare, the Allies gave up and evacuated 250,000 Allied casualties resulted

The Dardanelles

The U.S. Enters the War 1. U.S.-British relations 2. The Lusitania The U.S. shared a bond with Great Britain due to its common language and ancestry 2. The Lusitania May 1915: A German U-boat sinks the British passenger liner, the Lusitania because they suspected it carried ammunition Over 1,000 people were killed, including 128 American citizens In 1917 the Germans announce policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. The US cannot accept its ships being targeted.

The U.S. Enters the War 3. The Zimmerman Note British. officials intercept a telegram written by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman . Britain informed the US about the telegram. The telegram was meant for Mexico and promised to help Mexico “reconquer” it’s land from the U.S. if they sided with the Central Powers Unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmerman note were the last straws for the U.S. The U.S. declares war on Germany in 1917

Russia withdraws from the War Why did the czar’s government collapse? Russian citizens were frustrated by lack of food and fuel Civil unrest led to the Czar stepping down By 1917, 5.5 million Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed or taken prisoner Vladimir Lenin led a Communist Revolution and overthrew the new government Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russia’s involvement in World War I

Second Battle of the Marne What was the significance of this battle? After Russia’s withdrawal, Germany sends all of its troops to the Western front Germans reached the Marne River, just 40 miles outside of Paris The Allies, including 140,000 fresh U.S. troops launched a counterattack The refreshed Allied powers used tanks to push back the exhausted German forces

World War I Ends What events signaled the defeat of the Central Powers? Kaiser Wilhelm steps down after soldiers mutiny Germany declares itself a republic On November 11th, 1918, Germany and France signed an armistice, effectively ending the war

Review 1. Which of the following is NOT a reason that the U.S. joined the war? A. Interception of the Zimmerman note B. Germany’s use of unrestricted submarine warfare C. Cultural and political ties to Great Britain D. An alliance with Serbia

2. Which of the following best describes the end of World War I? A. The opposing sides made an agreement to stop the war B. The Central powers forced the Allied powers to surrender after the 2nd battle of the Marne C. The Germans claimed victory after the Russians dropped out of the war D. The Allied powers forced the Central powers to surrender after the Americans joined the war

3. What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign? A. The Allied powers hoped to seek revenge for the sinking of the Lusitania B. The Allied powers hoped to gain a supply line for Russia C. The Allied powers hoped to weaken the Central powers by eliminating any threats from the Ottoman empire D. The Allied powers hoped to gain a port on the Aegean Sea

4. Which of the following led to the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? A. Russian citizens suffered a shortage of food and fuel B. The Czar was forced to step down C. Lenin led a communist revolution which instituted a new government in Russia D. All of the above

5. What advantage did the Allied powers have over the Germans at the Second Battle of the Marne? A. Germany was taken by surprise in the Allied attack B. The Allies were aided by refreshed American troops C. The Allies used airplanes to drop bombs on German troops D. All of the above