The industrial revolution Transportation and Market Revolutions

The industrial revolution Started in Great Britain and made its way to America in 1793. Samuel Slater’s water-powered textile mill in Rhode Island Success of the IR was aided by four factors: Transportation was expanded Power sources were effectively created (water power and steam power) Improvements made to the industrial process Protective tariffs (protect developing businesses in America) New technologies allowed the North (industry), South (cotton), & West (commercial farming) to develop specialized economies.

Regional economy: the south Technology: In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin making cotton easy to refine & very profitable. Specialized Regional Economy By 1820, cotton became the dominant cash crop of the Deep South The spread of cotton increased slavery & plantation agriculture in the South

“King cotton” – the south Southern cotton was so important to the antebellum economy that is was known as “King Cotton”

“King Cotton” – the south The South provided 75% of the World’s cotton Southern cotton stimulated the growth of northern textile industry, shipping and marketing. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SMNYivhGsc

Eli Whitney: the cotton gin Machine that removed seeds from cotton Made cotton farming easier and more profitable Result: more slaves imported to grow cotton

Regional economy: the north Technology: By 1840, Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts for muskets & other textile technology led to an Industrial Revolution in the North Specialized Regional Economy: Northern factories mass produced textiles, farm equipment, and other finished goods The growth of factories in the North led to an increase in cities (urbanization)

Eli whitney: interchangeable parts Eli Whitney made muskets using standard parts Made replacing parts easier because each gun was the same Same idea was applied to machinery in factories

Textile production: the north

The north: Lowell mills The Lowell Mills in Massachusetts were the most famous textile mills Lowell managers hired young, single, females to work and live at the factory

Regional economy: the west Technology: Cyrus McCormick’s reaper & John Deere’s steel plow allowed western farmers to grow enough food to sell Specialized regional economy: The West became a network of cash-crop farms producing wheat, corn, hogs, & cattle

John Deere & the Steel Plow Cyrus McCormick & the Mechanical Reaper

The industrial revolution Connecting regional economies into a National Market Economy

The market revolution During the Antebellum Era, these 3 regional economies became connected as a result of: Henry Clay’s American System (2nd Bank of the U.S., tariff on foreign manufacturing, & national funding for transportation) A transportation revolution of roads, canals, & early railroads that built America’s infrastructure

roads “Paved” roads were made with crushed stone Ex: National Road Built from 1811-1838 Connected Maryland to Illinois, 620 miles

Canals & steamboats Canals & steamboats helped connect the West & East: Western farmers could now get industrial farm equipment Canals & Robert Fulton’s steamboat helped cut shipping costs by 90% for farmers As a result, western farmers could produce more food & make more profits The effect of the Erie canal on this country was stunning. Cargo that cost $100 a ton and took two weeks to carry by road could now be moved at $10 a ton in 3½ days. Robert Fulton’s the Clermont, the 1st steamboat

Canals & steamboats The most important canal was the Erie Canal (1825) because it provided the 1st major link between the East & West Because the Erie Canal brought so much trade down the Hudson River, New York City became the commercial capital of the U.S.