The Way Science Works

CRITICAL THINKING Critical Thinking A step by step way of logically solving a problem. Which is a better buy of peanut butter? 16 oz. at $3.59 or 8 oz. at $2.19. If you are doing homework and the lights go out, what would you do?

Scientific Method General way to organize you thinking as a scientist Observe Question Collect data hypothesis Experiment Conclude

Testing Hypothesis and Conducting Experiments Scientists use CONTROLLED experiments to test hypothesis. VARIABLES are things that can change an outcome Conducting Expermients Keep all variables constant, but ONE you are testing for. Why?

Units of Measurement There are several different metric prefixes and meanings to help express small and large numbers.

SI units (International System) Quantity Unit Abreviation Length Meter m Mass Kilogram kg Time Second s Temperature Kelvin K Amount Mole mol Electric Current Ampere A Luminous Intensity Candela cd

Metric Prefixes and Meanings Giga-(G) Billion 1,000,000,000 Mega-(M) Million 1,000,000 Kilo-(k) thousand 1,000 Deci-(d) tenth 0.1 Centi-(c) hundredth 0.01 Milli-(m) thousandth 0.001 Micro-(m) millionth 0.000001 Nano-(n) billionth 0.000000001

Metric Prefixes and Meanings These are the prefixes that make the number larger than one or the base unit. Mega-1,000,000 Kilo-1,000 Giga- 1,000,000,000

Metric Prefixes and Meanings Mega- 1,000,000 or 1X106 Can you think of something that you have heard with Mega- used as a prefix? Megabyte means 1,000,000 bytes Computer language

Metric Prefixes and Meanings Kilo- 1,000 What have you heard about with the prefix kilo- used? How about kilometer or kilogram How many meters in 1 kilometer?

Metric Prefixes and Meanings Giga- 1,000,000,000 What do we use in society with Giga-? How about a Gigawatt? How many watts in a gigawatt?

Measurements

Metric Prefixes and Meanings What prefix means 1,000,000? What is another way to write it’s value?

Metric Prefixes and Meanings What prefix means 1,000? How many liters are in 1 kiloliter?

Metric Prefixes and Meanings These are the prefixes that make the number less than one or the base unit Deci- 0.1 Centi- 0.01 Milli- 0.001 Micro- 0.000001 or 1X10-6 Nano- 0.000000001 or 1X10-9

Metric Prefixes and Meanings Deci- 0.1 Think about a decimal point Every time you move the decimal point 1 time you are changing the number by 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00001

Metric Prefixes and Meanings Centi- means 0.01 Think of length measurements for an example of this one That’s right a centimeter

Metric Prefixes and Meanings Milli- 0.001 Let’s think about weight and volume. What is the unit of the medicines you take? Milligrams or milliliters

Metric Prefixes and Meanings Micro- 0.000001 or 1X10-6 or millionth Have you ever heard of a microorganism? It is something 0.000001 or 1X10-6 smaller than a normal organism

Metric Prefixes and Meanings Nano- 0.000000001 or 1X10-9 Nanosecond is an extremely small amount of time It is 0.000000001 or 1X10-9 trillionth of a second

Metric Prefixes and Meanings What does deci- mean? What does centi- mean? How about milli- And micro-? Finally Nano-? Another way of writing micro- Another way of writing nano-

Metric Prefixes and Meanings You my friends are now…………….. Masters of Measurement

Making Measurement Mass- amount of matter in an object Weight- measure of gravities force on an object

Length and Volume Length-length between two points Volume- derived from length. Measure of the size of a 3D body