1862

Albert Sidney Johnston placed in command of CSA Department #2 everything west of the Appalachians Built Ft. Henry on the Tennesse and Ft. Donelson on the Cumberland

FEBRUARY 1862 Grant moves on Fts. Henry and Donelson 15,000 and a squadron of gunboats under the command of Andrew Foote

Henry and Donelson February 6 – Ft. Henry surrendered

Fort Donelson held out for 3 days Gen. John Floyd passed command rather than surrender Gen. Simon Bolivar Buckner asked for terms, Grant’s reply “No terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender” Nashville evacuated by confederate troops

BATTLE OF SHILOH April 6 & 7 Place of Peace

Day 1 CSA attack results in massive Union retreat Hornet’s Nest – Union troops in sunken road hold up attack Bought time for reinforcements Albert Sidney Johnston killed P.G.T. Beauregard assumes command Telegraphs Richmond of CSA victory

DAY 2 With 20,000 reinforcements Grant launched counter-attack After 10 hours of fighting CSA forces retreat CSA forces end up in Corinth,MS strategic railroad center

RESULTS UNION (67,000) CSA (45,000) K-1,754 K-1,728 W-8,408 W-8,012 M-2,885 CSA (45,000) K-1,728 W-8,012 M- 959 Grant got his nickname: “Unconditional Surrender” Next Move: Corinth, Mississippi

Peninsula campaign Lincoln begging McClellan to take action finally decides to approach Richmond up the York-James Peninsula

Battle of Yorktown 16,000 CSA troops under Gen. Magruder McClellan and Army of the Potomac start up the Peninsula with 90,000 men Battle of Yorktown 16,000 CSA troops under Gen. Magruder trick McClellan into slowed McClellan’s attack “Virginia Creeper” Quaker gun

JACKSON’S VALLEY CAMPAIGN

Jackson’s move into the Shenandoah Valley convinced Washington of a CSA invasion. Through brilliant manuvering Jackson with 17,000 men tied up 3 Union armies (50,000) 30,000 troops were taken from McClellan and placed near Washington

C.S.S. VIRGINIA

March 8 CSS Virginia sails down to Hampton Roads. Sank the USS Cumberland, severely damaged the USS Congress, the USS Minnesota and two other vessels ran aground

John Ericsson designer of the USS Monitor It was built in 100 days

BATTLE OF HAMPTON ROADS March 9, 1862 Brought the age of wooden ships to an end

NEW ORLEANS New Orleans defended from the south by two forts along the Mississippi River Fort Jackson Fort St. Philip

David Farragut 18 ships plus 20 schooners converted to carry mortars April 17 began a week long bombardment of the forts April 24 steamed upriver broke through all opposition sailed on to New Orleans

General Benjamin Butler In charge of troops in New Orleans Instituted martial law Mob tore down the flag flying over the Mint. Butler arrested a man Found to be wearing a fragment of the flag Tried him for treason, sentenced him to death by hanging, and hanged him in front of the Mint

BEAST BUTLER Women of New Orleans took every opportunity to show their contempt for Union troops After a woman emptied her chamber pot on Admiral Farragut, Butler issued ORDER #28 “Woman Order” “any woman by word, gesture, or movement insult an officer of the U.S. shall be treated as a woman of the town plying her avocation”

Even after the war ended, chamber pots featuring Butler’s face were popular items in many Southern homes

MISERY IN MISSOURI General John C. Fremont placed in command in Missouri Immediately began confiscating property of CSA sympathizers Declared martial law and proclaimed the emancipation Missouri’s slaves Lincoln was not ready for this. Fremont was transferred to West Virginia

Henry w. Halleck commander of the western department Ordered Brig. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis to drive the confederates out of Missouri Result: Battle of Pea Ridge March 7 & 8 federals held their ground and were able to drive csa from the field 11,250 union troops 1,380 were casualties Battle saved missouri for the union

BACK TO THE EAST Battle of Fair Oaks / Seven Pines Union: 41,797 – 5,031 casualties CSA: 41,816 – 6,134 casualties Inconclusive battle, except General Joseph E. Johnston was severely wounded Johnston replaced by Robert E. Lee