Trey Nilles, Emily McNamara, Crisquel Melchor, Demi Nelson Chapter 16 Trey Nilles, Emily McNamara, Crisquel Melchor, Demi Nelson

Guided Reading Questions 1 3 5 7 9 11

Cotton is King The Cotton Kingdom developed into a huge agricultural factory supported many parts of America as cotton became a very important resource in 1840 cotton accounted for over half the value of American exports! Britain was tied to America because of the immense amount of cotton grown and Southern leaders got a sense of power because of it Cotton was king, the gin was its throne, and the slaves were the henchmen. The south knew that they had power because of cotton if war broke between north and south both the north and Britain would suffer and the south would triumph

Cotton Aristocracy In this time America was not so much of a democracy as they hoped to be it was an Oligarchy or ruled by few only 1,733 families owned a large amount of slaves and plantations these families provided the “cream” of the political and social leadership The south and their Cottonocracy dominated the livestock, dollar grubbing north. southern families sent their children to the north for high education in the best clothes possible.

Cotton Aristocracy (cont.) Southern leaders felt that their way of life was the best way of life they sent their children to public schools Southern writer, Sir Walter Scott influenced a feudal society later was blamed for fueling the fire of the Civil War Women in the Cottonocracy began to evolve also they took on a role of leadership among the plantations concerning the women slaves relationships between slave owning women and slaves could range from affectionate to brutality. even if the women showed affection to their slaves, most did not care when their slaves’ children were sold.

Slaves of the Slave System Southern plantations were not all good planters over tilled the land and caused population to constantly move west the economy became a monopoly big plantations got bigger and small plantations got smaller slaves were an investment could deliberately hurt themselves or run away whole quarters could wipe out from disease this was bad for plantation owners and cost them a lot of $$$ dangerous dependence on one crop only if cotton failed, many planters knew nothing else

Tension between North and South Southern planters began to resent the north disliked how they sent their cotton to the north and they used it for their own wealth southern were clothed in Yankee clothes and buried in Yankee coffins

The White Majority With whites in constant control of the majority in the South, slavery remained a part of the culture. 1,733 families owned 100+ slaves The majority of southerners generally worked small farms Snobocracy Southerners without slaves still want slavery. Mountain Whites (page 353-356 )

Free Blacks: Slaves Without Masters Slowly there became an increase in the number of free blacks. 250,000 free blacks in 1860 Upper South freedom came mainly through emancipation Deep South freedom Mulattoes Purchased freedom Communities thrived in New Orleans William T. Johnson was a former slave who later owned slaves (page 356-357)

Free Blacks: Slaves Without Masters (Cont.) Almost functioned like a third race Owned property Could not testify against white people Could not work certain jobs North did not like free blacks either 250,000 Refused entry Refused the right to vote Barred from some public schools South liked blacks as individuals, but not the race North liked the race, but not individuals (page 356-357)

Plantation Slavery Slavery continued to grow in the South regardless of what Washington put in place. In 1860 there were 4,000,000 slaves Cotton economy encouraged slave labor Importing slaves became illegal in 1808 Slaves were still smuggled in Death Penalty for slave traders Only one person ever executed Smugglers acquitted by Southern juries Slaves were protected assets Slave population continued to rise (page 357-359)

Pages 381-383 Life Under the Lash Floggings Whip was the substitute for the wage-incentive system Strong-willed slaves were sent to breakers Breakers Had a technique that was lavish laying on of the lash Floggings To beat severely with a whip or rod Conditions varied in region to region, plantation from plantation, and master from master. Some states offered further protections: Banning the sale of a child under the age of ten away from his or her mother. But laws were difficult to enforce: Slaves were forbidden to testify in court.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion The Burdens of Bondage Nat Turner’s Rebellion 1831 Nat Turner, black preacher Led uprising slaughtering 60 virginians(mostly women and children) Slaves were denied education Slaves deprived of dignity and responsibility Reading Ideas Revolt Discontent Defenders of Slavery Forced to degrade themselves and victims Rebellious blacks Fostered brutality of the whip, the bloodhound, and the branding iron Amistad 1839 slaves rebelled a spanish slave ship named Amistad Attempt to sail back to Africa

Early Abolitionism 1817 American colonization society was founded 1822 the Republic of Liberia was established for former slaves 1860 all southern slaves were no longer Africans but native born African Americans 1830 abolitionist movement Theodore Dwight Weld An abolitionist who spoke against slavery; wrote the pamphlet American Slavery As It Is (1839)

Radical Abolitionism William Lloyd Garrison published the first issue of The Liberator an antislavery newspaper January 1st, 1831 The American Anti-Slavery Society Wendell Phillips-a boston man known as “abolition’s golden trumpet” Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World David Walker end to white supremacy

Radical Abolitionism Frederick Douglass escaped in 1838 at 21 abolitionists found him in 1841 lectured for the cause

The South Lashes Back Slave states tightened their slave codes prohibited emancipation Nat Turner’s Rebellion 1831 The Nullification Crisis of 1832 Whites did not like finding abolitionist literature federal postmasters were arrested if they did not destroy abolitionist material

The Abolitionist Impact in the North The north had heavy economic stake with south 1850-southern planters owed northern bankers $300 million Many white gangs Broadcloth Mob dragged Garrison through the streets of boston Reverend Elijah P. Lovejoy’s printing press was destroyed 4 times in 1873 he was killed by a mob