On your whiteboard: How much can you remember about war and peace? Christian teachings Different kinds of pacifism Just War conditions

Just War Theory – how much did you remember? Jus Ad Bellum – right reasons for going to war Just authority Just cause Just intention Proportionality Last resort Reasonable chance of success Comparative justice Jus In Bello – right conduct within war Discrimination Proportionality Fair treatment of PoWs No evil acts Jus Post Bellum – right way to end a war Just authority Just cause Just intention Proportionality Discrimination

Application to modern wars World War II it was fought by Germany and the Allied countries (UK, France etc) Germany was being attacked for invading other countries the intention was to stop Hitler killing innocent people the Allies felt that they had a reasonable chance of success and they did win The Allies had tried negotiation with Hitler but this had failed most of the fighting was limited to the armies concerned and to harbours and munitions sites Some incidents of targeting civilians, eg. The blitz and the bombing of Dresden 2003 Iraq war America claimed that the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction, as well as carrying out genocides against the Iraqi people UN weapons inspectors found no evidence of WMDs Allied countries declared war on Iraq Intense fighting killed 250,000 people, including 180,000 civilians Saddam Hussein was captured, tried and executed Allies have been criticised for having no real post-war plan. New government was elected, but the instability caused by the war led to ISIS, fuelled the Syrian civil war, and means Iraqis are still facing extreme poverty and violence today (15 years later)

Most of the Just War criteria were written hundreds of years ago, when war was very different. How is war different now? Are there any criteria that are no longer appropriate? Why?

Is Just War Theory relevant/useful today? Yes No

Secular Approaches to War and Peace Act Utilitarianism Rule Utilitarianism Kant (don’t use people as a means to an end)

Evaluate the claim that war can never be justified (30 marks)