Creatine is naturally produced, however creatine supplements have shown to increase the store in the body by up to an upper limit of around 20%! Excess creatine is excreted in the urine. Studies have been completed on the effect on different “types” of athletes. Which sports would you notice it having a positive impact? No short term effects, however concerns about expended periods as kidney damage

What happens to the body under vigorous exercise? Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson I would like you to be able to answer ….. What happens to the body under vigorous exercise?

Exercise time Work in pairs Take the pulse of you partner for 30 seconds then multiply it by 2 to get a resting heart rate. Write this down. Time your partner doing star jumps/steps on stairs/jogging on the spot for 3 min. Take their pulse again immediately after exercise. Write this value down. Switch places and repeat.

Strenuous Exercise ATP in muscles cells only last 3 seconds! So what does your body do?

Creatine phosphate continues to provide energy for a few more seconds. As intensive exercise continues, the cells respire anaerobically as insufficient oxygen from bloodstream to support aerobic respiration. Citric acid cycle or electron transport chain not function without oxygen! So only glycolysis will produce ATP (2NADH into 2 ATP)

Conversion of pyruvate (pyruvic acid) into lactic acid (lactate) Glucose (6C) Lots of steps 2 ADP+ Pi 2NAD Oxygen debt build up Oxygen debt repaid 2 ATP 2NADH 2 x Pyruvate (3C) / pyruvic acid Conversion of pyruvate (pyruvic acid) into lactic acid (lactate) NSDH conversion occurs in this process to regenerate NAD NAD must be present for glycolysis to continue.

Oxygen Debt and Muscle Fatigue However lactic acid in the muscles causes fatigue and an oxygen debt builds up Repaid when exercise halts and oxygen is transported around the body. Energy then produced by aerobic respiration Lactic acid converts back to pyruvic acid This is called anaerobic respiration or lactic acid metabolism Less efficient than aerobic (comparing ATP)

KEY WORDS TO INCLUDE: respiration, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, Title: Respiration Describe briefly what you did and what the observations were Explain: What are the two types of respiration (equations for both) Why is your heart rate affected by exercise? Why is your breathing rate affected by exercise? What happens straight after you finish exercising and why? Why is anaerobic respiration beneficial to us? KEY WORDS TO INCLUDE: respiration, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide, Possible words: oxygen debt, lactic acid, toxic, energy, ATP NADH, creatine phosphate

Comparison Alley Compare lactic acid metabolim (anaerobic) to aerobic respiration. Aerobic Respiration Both Anaerobic Respiration

Concept Map Protein Cell Blood Carbon dioxide Lactic Acid Water ATP Fats Creatine phosphate phosphorylation Glycolysis Oxygen Aerobic Anaerobic phosphofructokinase

Basketball your answers around the class! Learning Outcomes Basketball your answers around the class! So can you answer it? By the end of this lesson I would like you to be able to answer ….. What happens to the body under vigorous exercise?

SQA Arrangements p26 During vigorous exercise, the muscle cells do not get sufficient oxygen to support the electron transport chain. Under these conditions, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid. This conversion involves the transfer of hydrogen from the NADH produced during glycolysis to pyruvic acid to produce lactic acid. This regenerates the NAD needed to maintain ATP production through glycolysis. Lactic acid accumulates in muscle causing fatigue. Oxygen debt repayed when exercise is complete allows respiration to provide the energy to convert lactic acid back to pyruvic acid and glucose in the liver.