Gross anatomical study of crude drugs Senna

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCTION ANDHRA PRADESH Name : M.Vasu Babu Designation : Lecturer in pharmacy Branch : Pharmacy Institute : GPW, Guntur Year : I D.Pharm. Subject : Pharmacognosy Subject Code : Ph -103 Topic : Gross anatomical study of crude drugs Duration : 50 minutes Sub topic : Senna (1/8) Teaching aids : PPT, Photographs

Gross anatomical study of crude drugs Senna

Objectives On completion of this period you would be able to understand : Biological source of Senna. Microscopical characters of Senna. Chemical constituents & uses

Known to unknown Q1. Identify the photograph. A: It is senna Q2. From which part of plant ,is it obtained? A: Leaf Q3. How do you find out the genuinity of this crude drug? A: Morphological / Histological study. FIG : 1

Senna Biological source: Dried leaf lets of Cassia aungustifolia (Indian) Cassia acutifolia (Alexandrian) Family: Leguminosae

1. Lamina includes 1 to 6 parts T.S of Senna shows Mid rib FIG : 2 1. Lamina includes 1 to 6 parts T.S of Senna shows 2. Mid rib includes 7 to 13 parts

Lamina: Isobilateral Upper epidermis 2. Mesophyll Upper palisade Spongy parenchyma Lower palisade 3. Lower epidermis FIG : 3

Lamina: (contd) Upper epidermis: Single layered Polygonal Straight Anticlinical wall Few cells contain mucilage Covered with cuticle FIG : 4

Lamina: (contd) Mesophyll: Upper palisade: Single layered Elongated Compactly arranged Narrow thin walled parenchyma Continued over mid rib region FIG : 5

Large intracellular spaces Lamina Lamina: (contd) Mesophyll: Spongy parenchyma Thin walled Mesophyll Loosely arranged Large intracellular spaces Spheraphides present FIG : 7

Lamina: Mesophyll: Lower palisade: Only in lamina Loosely arranged Wavy walls Cells are smaller than upper palisade FIG : 8

Lamina: Lamina Lower epidermis: Similar to upper epidermis FIG : 9

Lamina: Lamina Trichomes : Conical Unicellular Thick walled FIG : 10

Mid rib Palisade parenchyma Crystal sheath Sclerenchymatous sheath Vascular bundle : xylem phloem collenchyma FIG : 11

Midrib Palisade parenchyma : Single layer Mid rib FIG : 12

Midrib Crystal sheath : Parenchymatous layer Calcium oxalate crystals present Mid rib Present at dorsal and Ventral side FIG : 13

Midrib Vascular bundle : Xylem : Lignified cells Present at ventral surface Mid rib Phloem : Non lignified cells Present at dorsal surface FIG : 14

Midrib Collenchyma : Multi layered Thick walled parenchyma cellulose present Present at ventral side FIG : 15

Chemical constituents: Anthraquinone glycosides Sennoside A Sennoside B Sennoside C Sennoside D

Uses Irritant Purgative

In this class we learnt about Summary In this class we learnt about Anatomical study of Senna Chemical constituents & its Uses

Quiz Q1. Upper palisade cells are arranged continuously in mid rib region. A: Yes / NO Q2. Where will be the Crystal sheath present? a) Upper side of mid rib b) Lower side of mid rib c) Both the sides of mid rib d) Not present

Q3. What type of glycosides present in Senna b) Cardiac glycosides a) Anthraquinone type b) Cardiac glycosides c) Saponin glycoside d) Cynogenetic glycosides Q4. Name the type of trichomes in senna _____________. Q5. ___________type of parenchyma present in between lower and upper palisade cells . Unicellular covering Sponge

Frequently asked questions 1.Write the monograph of Senna 2.Explain the histological study of Senna. 3.Write the anatomical study of Senna. 4.Write the biological source, family, chemical constituents and uses of Senna.

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