The Skeletal System

Skeleton BrainPop http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/skeleton/

5 Functions of the skeleton 1. Shape and support 2. Movement 3. Protection 4. Blood Production 5. Storage

1. Shape/Support - This provides shape for our body, holds our vital organs in place and allows us to have good posture. 2. Movement - Our muscles are attached to our bones in a way which allows movement. 3. Protection - Protects our delicate organs. SKULL protects the BRAIN. RIB CAGE protects the HEART and LUNGS etc. 4. Blood Production – Red/white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow found in many bones. 5. Storage - minerals are stored in the bones to add strength.

Main Bones 1. Cranium 2. Scapula 3. Clavicle 4. Humerus 5. Pelvis 6. Sternum 7. Ribs 8. Vertebrae 9. Radius 10. Ulna 11. Carpals & Metacarpals 12. Phalanges 13. Femur 14. Patella 15. Tibia 16. Fibula 17. Tarsals & Metatarsals 18. Phalanges

Don’t be confused… The Foot The Chest Clavicle – collar bone Scapula – shoulder blade The Arm Radius - thumb side lower Ulna - finger side lower Humerus - upper arm – “funny bone” The Hand Carpals - wrist bones Metacarpals – hand The Foot Metatarsals - foot Tarsals - ankle –think “T” for “toes” The Leg Fibula - small lower Tibia - large lower Patella - knee

JOINTS – where bones meet. (The movement of the skeleton is helped by joints.) 1. Immovable – bones connected without movement. EXAMPLE – bones of the SKULL 2. Moveable - joints held together by ligaments, cartilage and tendons. EXAMPLE – knee, elbow, shoulder

Types of Connective tissue *Joints are moved by muscles & bones.* 1. LIGAMENTS - attach bone to bone. 2. TENDONS - attach muscle to bone. 3. CARTILAGE – covers ends of bones & cushions between bones. The knee joint - Movements other than flexion/extension can cause serious ligament damage in hinge joints like the knee. In contact sports like football these ligaments are often strained by forces acting in other directions.

JOINTS 1. Ball and Socket joint 2. Hinge joint 3. Gliding joint 4. Pivot joint http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/joints/ Joints BrainPop

Knee Ligaments Video Clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTV5Yo3E7VQ

Ball and Socket Allows the bone(s) to have the greatest range of motion. Shoulder & hip The rounded head of one bone fits into a cup-shaped socket of another. Pelvis Femur

Hinge Allows forward or backward motion. Knee & elbow Try flexing (bending) and extending them. You will find that the movement of the joint can only occur in one direction, just like the hinge of a door. Radius Humerus Ulna

Gliding In this type of joint, two surfaces which are flat rub against each other like the bones of the wrist. These small bones can move over one another to increase flexibility of the hands for example. They are stopped from moving too far by strong ligaments. Carpals

Pivot This joint is made when one bone twists against another. These are found in the spine/neck. They also allow the head to turn, raise and lower.

Types of Movement Flexion Extension Rotation Abduction Adduction There are many types of movement that the skeleton and muscles can produce. The following are the most common: Flexion Extension Rotation Abduction Adduction

FLEXION – Bending the joint. E. g. Bending the knee or elbow FLEXION – Bending the joint. E.g. Bending the knee or elbow. BALL and SOCKET and HINGE are the main joint types that can produce this movement.

EXTENSION of a joint is where the joint is straightened EXTENSION of a joint is where the joint is straightened. BALL and SOCKET and HINGE joints are common examples of joints that can produce this movement. Straightening the leg when striking a ball is an example of EXTENSION at the knee (HINGE JOINT)

The ROTATION movement can occur at a BALL and SOCKET and a PIVOT joint. e.g. turning the head or the movement at the shoulder when swimming backstroke.

ABDUCTION and ADDUCTION movements can be produced by BALL and SOCKET joints. ABDUCTION is where a limb moves away from the centre of the body. ADDUCTION is where the limb is moved TOWARDS the center of the body.

Injuries to joints can occur from: Over use (Too much training) Incorrect movement injuries (e.g.-wrong techniques) Impact or twisting (e.g.-twist of knee or elbow from a tackle or collision)