1. Because sunlight hits Earth’s surface directly at the equator and indirectly at the poles, the days at the poles are always shorter than at the equator B. it is warmer near the equator than near the poles C. the nights at the poles are always shorter than at the equator D. it is warmer near the poles than near the equator

2. Tomorrow, the high temperature in Edville will probably be A. 89oF B. 77oF C. 73oF D. 63oF Explain why using the TOP format.

3e. Describe the temperature and humidity of air mass A. 3a.Which air masses shown are likely to bring dry weather to the United States? 3b. Classify each of the air masses shown as continental or maritime and as polar or tropical. 3c. As air mass B passes over, is snow more likely at location W or location X? Explain your answer. 3d.Is a tornado more likely to occur at location Y or Z? Explain your answer. 3e. Describe the temperature and humidity of air mass A. 3f. Describe the temperature and humidity of air mass F. C A B w x y E F D

4. Eighth grade students in a Louisiana middle school planted a vegetable and flower garden at the school. They discovered that some plants grew well and others did not. All the plants received soil—it was good soil for some plants, but it did not contain some things needed by other plants. Study the chart above and then answer the questions which follow. Look at the description of the soil horizons. Root crops, such as beets, require a sandy soil with low acidity to grow well. Blueberries require an acidic, sandy soil. Grasses grow well in most types of soil with high acidity. Which of these plants would probably grow well in soil near the students’ school? Which plants would grow most poorly in this soil? Give reasons for your answers? Soil Around the School A Dark, grayish brown; low amount of humus (decayed plants and animals); many roots; strongly acidic; sandy B Yellowish red; few roots; strongly acidic; sandy near top, sandy clay near bottom C Partly weathered rock; few deep tree roots

Erosion Wind Water Ways to limit Cause Cause Ways to limit Keep ground covered with plants or parts of plants all year Increase the roughness of the surface of the soil Plow in curved, not straight rows Keep soil in clumps, not broken up in small pieces Long and steep slopes Uncovered soil that rain can quickly wash away Soil that will not absorb water well Keep ground covered with plants or parts of plants all year Shorten the length and lessen the steepness of the slope Mix sand with soil to absorb more water Loose surface soil Wind strong enough to lift pieces of soil Long, unbroken expanses of soil 5. The area where the class planted their garden is on a slope. From the information in the concept map, what might you be able to do to limit erosion in the garden?