Canadian Employment Patterns Labour Studies 1C03 Sept 30 Canadian Employment Patterns

20th Century Industry “Fordism” The family wage ideology Scientific management / Taylorism Human relations

Scientific Management Decision making was with managers “Scientific” methods to determine most efficient way to do a job Detailed descriptions for each step in the job Select the best (fastest) workers Training workers on “efficiency” Closely monitor performance

Human Capital Theory Invest in your capital, reap the rewards

Key themes today Shift to services Women in the workforce Changes in patterns of work Technological change Globalization/restructuring

Postindustrial Society Knowledge workers Economizing logic versus sociologizing logic

Source: Statistics Canada

Source: Basset, Penny. 1994. "Declining female labour force participation." Perspectives on Labour and Income. Vol 6. No. 2

Source: McMullen, K. 2008. "Why are the majority of university students women?" Education Matters. Vol 1. Number 5. Statistics Canada: Ottawa.

Gender differences in goods Source: Statistics Canada

Gender differences in services Source: Statistics Canada

Occupation patterns Blue collar White collar Pink collar

Self-employment More self-employed than in US More solo self-employed than employer-self-employed

Unemployment What causes it? Not demographic Not “personal” Not EI Structural

Technological change “Machinery, when considered alone, shortens the hours of labor, but, when in the service of capital, lengthens them” Marx, K., & Engels, F. (1977). Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (B. Fowkes, Trans. Vol. 1). New York: Vintage Books.p. 568

Dimensions of globalization Economic: Internationalization of production Harmonization of standards Increased mobility of capital Ideological Trade liberalization; “deregulation” Technological Cultural “universal culture”

Canada and Free Trade 1989 FTA 1994 NAFTA Jobs leaving The role of the State

Restructuring Recessions Job loss New management strategies