Cold War.

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Presentation transcript:

Cold War

Definition Nations don’t meet on the battlefield Political tension & rivalry Compete for world superpower

Soviet Union & Stalin After WWII, the U.S. and Soviet Union. began to distrust each other. Broke promise for free elections in Eastern Europe. Set up communist/ pro- Soviet governments in those countries. * Upset at the idea of Germany reunification.

Blockaded West Berlin. In response, U.S. launched a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin. Winston Churchill said that an “Iron Curtain” had fallen over Eastern Europe. U.S. was afraid of communism spreading around the world & eventually to the United States.

*President Harry Truman’s main strategy to fight the Cold War. Truman Doctrine *President Harry Truman’s main strategy to fight the Cold War. *U.S. gave money to help rebuild Europe after the war. *To receive -countries had to pledge to support democracy *Aid given to Greece and Turkey to defeat communist forces President Harry S. Truman

East West vs. U.S’s policy of stopping the spread of communism. Containment U.S’s policy of stopping the spread of communism. U.S felt that if they could stop communism from spreading, then it could be “rolled back” and pro-western governments Democracies could be set up in those countries. East West vs. Democratic Democracy Free World Capitalism Communists Socialists Reds

NATO & Warsaw Pact North Atlantic Treaty Organization - created as a defensive alliance for Western Europe as the communists gained control of Eastern Europe. In response to NATO, the Soviet Union created the Warsaw Pact alliance for the nations of Eastern Europe.

Joseph McCarthy Used American’s fear of communism to gain political power. House Un-American Activities Committee – Identify Communists in government and society Claims never proven. - ruined lives of many people. “McCarthyism” refers to making reckless accusations against other people. McCarthy held televised hearings to expose communists in US. After these hearings, McCarthy lost credibility. Senator Joseph McCarthy

Space Race The US & Soviet Union competed against each other to be the first to go into space. Soviet Union launched 1st satellite in 1957, named “Sputnik”. At first the U.S. was losing the “space race”, but eventually caught up and passed the Russians by landing men on the Moon. Sputnik

Arms Race Under Pres. Eisenhower, U.S. developed a policy of “Brinksmanship” -U.S would go to the brink of nuclear war with the Soviet Union to stop the spread of communism. This started a nuclear arms race Both countries developed a Hydrogen bomb by the mid 1950’s. Both countries tried to overthrow governments around the world that they saw as an enemy. H-Bomb Test

Espionage Both countries spied on each other. Central Intelligence Agency – CIA established The U.S. had a U2 spy plane shot down over the Soviet Union. Julius & Ethel Rosenberg were tried and executed for allegedly selling atomic bomb secrets to the Soviets.