Revolutionary Ideas.

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Presentation transcript:

Revolutionary Ideas

The Reformation Martin Luther is a German monk Upset about the sale of indulgences Writes 95 theses- 1517 Infuriates Church; ML brought before Church council (Diet of Worms) and asked to recant

Reformation challenges: authority of the Pope and Holy Roman Emperor; church ownership of land Sparks religious wars Wars result in a grudging toleration among Christian sects Peace of Augsburg officially recognizes Lutheran Church Edict of Nantes- granted Protestants rights in France

Catholic Reformation Reaction to Protestant Reformation Altered some Church practices to regain adherents Reaffirmed authority of the Pope Created the Jesuits (Society of Jesus) – educated missionaries Both the Protestant and Catholic reformations use education to spread their views

The Enlightenment Basic ideas: Questioned political authority Emphasized reason over faith Built on renaissance ideas Helped cause American and French revolutions The Enlightenment

More specific ideas Deism Pre-destination (not an enlightenment idea) Laissez-faire “let it be” (Adam Smith) More specific ideas

The Social Contract (Thomas Hobbes; John Locke) Specific ideas cont.

Specific ideas cont. Gravity (Isaac Newton) Planetary Motion (Newton, Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, Galileo) Circulatory system (William Harvey) Microscope/bacteria (Anthony van Leeuwenhoek) Enlightenment ideas were based on “natural laws” Specific ideas cont.

Adam Smith John Locke Isaac Newton

Scientific Revolution Valued research and quantification Began to accurately describe the nature of the universe (earth goes around sun etc.) Conflicted with the Church- how? Why? Believed in basic human goodness (societal problems could be solved through reason) Scientific Revolution

Some English History Henry VIII Has a wife, but no son Wants a divorce, Church says “no” Henry takes over Church of England Total six wives- two beheaded Daughters, Mary and Elizabeth Some English History

Henry VIII Mary Tudor Elizabeth

The Glorious Revolution-1688 Parliament has increasing power King Charles I- taxes a lot Rebellion led by Oliver Cromwell- 1640 Charles is beheaded by Parliament- first country to try and execute their own king The Glorious Revolution-1688

Charles son, James II- Catholic- inherits throne Parliament fears return to Catholicism, invites James’ daughter, Mary and her husband William, to have throne- 1688 “Bloodless” rebellion English Bill of Rights-1689- no taxes or armies without Parliament’s approval

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