What are rocks made of? minerals.

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Presentation transcript:

What are rocks made of? minerals

…naturally occurring substances. Minerals are not made by people; they are … …naturally occurring substances.

What is a mineral? Minerals, quite simply, are the building blocks for making rocks, and a rock is made up of one or more minerals

What is a mineral? Naturally occurring (No human input) Non-organic (they are not made by life processes) Characteristic chemical composition Distinctive physical properties Crystalline structure

Name four properties (or clues) that scientists use to identify minerals. Color Luster Streak Hardness

Which property means the way the light bounces off the mineral? luster

Luster: How minerals reflect light

Glassy, dull, shiny, greasy What words can be used to describe a mineral’s luster? Glassy, dull, shiny, greasy

Many minerals have the same color. Why is color not a good property to use to identify a mineral? slate limestone Many minerals have the same color.

Cleavage & Fracture Cleavage: planes of weakness along which minerals can break Fracture: surfaces along which minerals can break

Cleavage & Fracture Best identified on a fracture surface

Streak: The powdered form of a mineral

What are three testers that can be used to determine a mineral’s hardness? fingernail, penny, nail

Hardness Based on Moh’s scale of hardness

Vocabulary Words Mineral-Naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and an orderly internal atomic structure. Crystal- solid in which the atoms are arranged in orderly , repeating pattern. Silicate- minerals that contain silicon and oxygen and usually one or more other elements Hardness-Measure oh how easily a mineral can be scratched Luster-describes the way a mineral reflects light from its surface; can be metallic or nonmetallic Streak-color of a mineral when it is in powdered from. Cleavage- minerals that break along smooth, flat surfaces Fracture- minerals that break with uneven, rough or jagged surfaces Specific gravity- the ratio of its weight compared with the weight of an equal volume of water.