Industrial Revolution

Why did the I.R. start in England? Lots of natural resources (coal, iron, etc) Lots of people (for labor) Investors in inventions Good trade relationships Political stability LAND, LABOR, CAPITAL

Industrialism Spreads As Britain industrialized, they became wealthy and powerful. Other countries wanted the same thing.

Sometimes a country’s pride (Nationalism) made them want to industrialize to keep up with other industrialized nations.

Effects of Industrial Revolution Population increase in certain countries Urbanization (growth of cities) Imperialism (taking colonies to use for natural resources or markets) Child Labor

More Effects Factories became dangerous and unhealthy so governments had to step in and make regulations. Labor unions formed to protect people. New economic ideas for countries developed (Capitalism vs. Communism)

Urbanization Cities Grew because factories were built in central locations near a power source. Workers moved closer to the factories. This made the population of cities skyrocket.

Poor Living Conditions Overcrowding of cities led to higher crime, poor sanitation, and unsafe housing. People would get sick and spread disease. There were no safety codes. Garbage would pile up on the streets.

Poor Working Conditions Workers were expected to work very long hours for very little pay. The machines did not have safety features and ventilation was poor. There was high demand for jobs, so if you didn’t like it, someone was ready to take your place.

Working Conditions con’t If a worker got injured (due to fatigue or dangerous machines) they would most likely be fired and replaced. This is why labor unions were formed

Labor Unions Unions were formed to protect the workers. People banned together to fight for safe working conditions, fair pay, and reasonable work hours. They also wanted to end child labor.

Child Labor Child labor was common in all industrialized countries early on-there were no laws against it. Children were good employees (easy to boss around and little enough to fit in tight spots. Some children worked from as early as the age of 5, and they would sometimes work 18 hour days. Public education did not exist, but it did come about as a result of the Industrial Revolution.

Positive Effects Eventually…better housing conditions, better working conditions, child labor laws, jobs for people, inventions (life becomes easier), country becomes wealthier.

New economic ideas surfaced during this period: Capitalism Communism

Capitalism Industry (all decisions and profit) are controlled by private owners.

Communism Industry (all decisions and profit) are controlled by the state.

In the 1800s and 1900s, many European countries seized control of Africa. They wanted more resources and markets to sell their goods to.

Africa was not the only target of Imperialism Africa was not the only target of Imperialism. Many countries in Asia were also colonized.