The electric vehicle landscape Conor O’Brien Public Policy and Regulation Manager, ESB ecars   November 2018

Agenda ESB EV Charging Infrastructure in Ireland Evolving Technology Planning for the Future

Agenda ESB EV Charging Infrastructure in Ireland Evolving Technology Planning for the Future

Existing all island ev Charging Network Public EV charging infrastructure 50kW Fast Chargers – x 92 22kW Standard Chargers – >1,000 RoI and NI networks allow cross-island travel and provides public EV charging in most communities with >1,500 population

Existing ev Charging Network (RoI & NI) Fast Chargers (80+) 50 kW DC 80% charge in as little as 30 minutes* Mainly located at service stations every ~60km Facilitate longer distance journeys Charging times depends on battery size and state* Standard Chargers (1000+) 22 kW AC Typical charging times vary between 1-6 hours* Generally located on street, in public car parks, hotels, retail centres and transport hubs

Facilitating EV Fleet charging Expanding the ESB EV fleet and depot charging Working with dpd to develop a sustainable distribution hub in Dublin City Centre Implementing a smart electricity load balancing solution for London Electric Vehicle company (LEVC – black cab vehicle manufacturer) Fitting out Jaguar Landrover’s charging facilities at their new R&D centre in Shannon We are also working with fleets, including our own, to develop charging facilities at the depots or parking facilities. ESB are currently working to develop the charging facilities for a distribution hub in Dublin City Centre for dpd which will see them use electric vehicles to deliver goods around the city. We are also developing smart charging and load balancing solution for the London Electric Vehicle Company in London who make the London black cab. Furthermore Jaguar Landrover are developing charging facilities at their new R&D centre in Shannon and we are implementing that for them.

ESB - Providing a full Electromobility Service CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE CONNECT AND CHARGE REAL TIME CHARGE POINT AVAILABILITY PAYMENT AND BILLING CHARGE POINT NETWORK DIGITAL SUPPORTS SMART INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE ESB Support CHARGE POINT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CUSTOMER SUPPORT Providing an electromobility service is much more than just charge points in the ground. What does a customer need? Find their nearest available charge point. To easily connect to it and recharge and then for that transaction to billed easily. To provide that service you need the a network of charge points in convenient locations. That infrastructure needs to be smart and be able to communicate to our world-leading 2nd Generation Chargepoint Management System (CPMS). To support this network and the customer we have an Integrated Customer Service and Operations including 24/7 contact centre, O&M response and online digital tools which also provide “real time” Charge Point status to EV drivers

Agenda ESB EV Charging Infrastructure in Ireland Evolving Technology Planning for the Future

Infrastructure - The Trend in Tech Faster Charging - Higher Power 50kW >150kW >350kW chargers Quicker charging Greater range from each charge Multiple chargers at each location Presently Fast charging is 50kW DC via CHAdeMO or CCS connection, but car manufacturers are looking to move to levels of 350kW. Moving to such a level while still maintaining a connection cable still usable by the customer has driven to need to develop new cables which can handle the higher current and higher voltage while keeping the surface temperature down for handling. This has meant using active cooling with liquid cooling circulated around the cables. Higher power charging also has driven up the size of the equipment so designers has moved towards separating the customer terminal with connection cable and user interface from the rest of the Station. The interface protocols are changing to make the user experience simpler. This is done by allowing the station to identify the vehicle via A UID number when connected and thus can remove the need for the customer to identify themselves with RFIDs or Apps. So the customer could have the option to tie their payment account to their usage of a station, meaning all they needed to do was to simply plug in. This has also the ability to improve diagnosis of a problem between a vehicle and a station.

Decreasing battery price Battery prices decreasing significantly This will see the manufacturing price of an electric vehicle drop quickly The reduced battery prices should see EVs become cheaper than conventional vehicles after 2024 Source: Bloomberg NEF

Agenda ESB EV Charging Infrastructure in Ireland Evolving Technology Planning for the Future

Future of EV charge point PILOT network Agreement between ESB Networks and CRU on the future of the pilot charge point network (Oct 2018) Charge points will continue to be run by ESB ecars There will be no further regulatory funding for operation and maintenance and replacement of problematic charge points Fees for use of the EV charging infrastructure will need to be introduced in 2019 to fund the maintenance and development of the network Following relevant upgrades, fees for use of the fast chargers (50kW) will be introduced in H1 2019 and the AC network in H1 2020 Comprehensive stakeholder engagement will take place prior to the introduction of these fees

Climate Action Fund To deliver a project of this scale, in advance of mass EV adoption, will require financial support in ROI and NI In July, as part of the National Development Plan, the Government launched the Climate Action Fund ESB has applied for co-funding to develop the National High Power EV Charging Network

Benefits of a national high power charging network Current Fast Chargers Time to get 100km ~25 mins Benefits Facilitate the large scale growth of EV`s in Ireland Ensure a better experience for EV customers Provide multiple chargers at one location Reduce queuing at charge point locations Remove single points of failure on the network Ensure that the latest fast charging cars are accommodated in Ireland High Power Chargers Time to get 100km ~6 mins

BEV model availability, 2008-20 Trumpchi GS4 VW I.D. CROZZ Land Rover Defender Toyota RAV4 Jaguar I-Pace Tesla pickup* VW I.D.* Volvo 40.2* Mitsubishi eX BMW i5 M-B B-Class BYD e6 VW Budd-e Tesla Model Y* Tesla Model X M-B EQ NIO ES8* Chehejia SUV* Audi E-tron Quattro Renault DeZir Qianto Q50 Venturi Fetish Tesla Roadster Tesla Roadster Tesla Model S Porsche E-sport Aston Martin RapidE GLM G4 M-B SLS eDrive Tesla Roadster* Exagon Furtive NIO EP9 Hyundai Ioniq Audi R8 E-tron Mahindra eVerito LeEco LeSEE NIO EVE Geely Emgrand Tesla Model 3 SAIC E-Lavida Mullen 700e ChangAn Eado CODA EV Renault Fluence BAIC EU260 BYD e5 Audi E-tron Sportback Lucid Air Honda Clarity Faraday FF91 JAC iEV4 Kia Ray M-B E-Cell Hyundai BlueOn VW I.D. BMW i3 Chevy Spark Chevy Bolt Honda Fit VW e-Golf Ford Focus Nissan Leaf Nissan Leaf 2* Renault Zoe ZE Fiat 500e BMW mini e Mitsubishi i-MiEV Seat Mii* Smart ForTwo VW e-Up Kandi Panda Renault Twizy Mahindra e2o 2010 2008 2011 2009 2012 2017 2018 2016 2015 2014 2019 2013 2020 Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance, Images various. Notes: Not exhaustive. (*) Range is estimate Bollore Bluesummer Ford Transit Tata IRIS Smith Edison BYD T3 VW e-Bulli Nissan NV200 ChangAn EM80 M-B Vito Peugeot Partner Renault Kangoo VW I.D. BUZZ + miles range per charge

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