www.internet2.edu

Internet2: an Overview Heather Boyles Ana Preston Director, International Relations heather@internet2.edu Ana Preston Program Manager, International Relations Apreston@internet2.edu This is a general overview presentation about Internet2. Internet2 is a consortium, led by US universities, which is recreating the partnership among academia, industry and government that fostered today’s Internet in its infancy.

Outline Background: why and who? Focus areas and activities: what? International partnerships: how? Your questions…….. 1/13/2019

Success of the Internet Millions of People Source: Nua Internet Surveys 1/13/2019

History ARPAnet origins 1987 -- NSFnet 1996 1999 Privatization in 1995 Telecomm Act The WWW explodes Federal Next Generation Internet Initiative NSF provides grant funding to universities for network infrastructure Internet2 founded 1999 Abilene in production 1/13/2019

Today’s Internet Doesn’t Provide reliable end-to-end performance Encourage cooperation on new capabilities Allow testing of new technologies Support development of revolutionary applications 1/13/2019

Internet2 Mission and Goals Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet. Enable new generation of applications Create leading edge R&E network capability Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet 1/13/2019

Internet Development Spiral Commercialization Privatization Today’s Internet This spiral represents one way of looking at the development of the Internet. As the Internet moved from a research project to a commercial service, a set of partnerships fostered its development. During this process, the Internet grew in a number of ways: size, complexity, bandwidth, etc. Internet2 is forming the partnerships needed for technologies in a second cycle of innovation make their way into the commercial Internet. Internet2 Research and Development Partnerships 1/13/2019 Source: Ivan Moura Campos

Internet2 Universities 190 Universities as of January 2002 1/13/2019

Internet2 Corporate Partners 1/13/2019

Additional Membership Over 70 Internet2 Corporate Members Over 40 Affiliate Members Government Research Agencies National Institutes of Health National Science Foundation NASA NOAA USGS (Earth Resources Observations Systems) 1/13/2019

Organization Member Liaisons UCAID: not-for-profit corporation Executive Engineering Applications Middleware UCAID: not-for-profit corporation Staff of ~80 Large number ‘leased’ from universities Facilitate, coordinate, provide collective infrastructure where required 1/13/2019

Leadership University presidents/chancellors are the voting representatives Strong board Advisory councils with board seats Applications Strategy Network Planning and Policy Network Research Liaison Industry Liaison Council 1/13/2019

Why University Leadership? The Internet came from the academic community Stanford -- the Internet protocols NSFNet -- the scaled-up Internet CERN -- the WWW protocols University of Illinois -- the Web browser Universities’ research and education mission require an advanced Internet and have demonstrated they can develop it 1/13/2019

Internet2 Partnerships Internet2 universities are recreating the partnerships that fostered the Internet in its infancy Industry Government International Partnerships are the foundation of how the Internet developed and they are also a part of the foundation of Internet2. 1/13/2019

Internet2/U.S. Government Separate but Interdependent U.S. Next Generation Internet Led by U.S. government agencies Focused on agency needs Internet2 Led by higher education Focused on research and education needs Interdependent: Government agency funding to research, connections, applications development Science and engineering funded projects increasingly dependent on persistent, high-performance infrastructure provided by Internet2 1/13/2019

Internet2 Goals Enable new generation of applications Re-create leading edge R&E network capability Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet These are the three primary goals of Internet2. 1/13/2019

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Applications Middleware Engineering Advanced Network Infrastructure Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 1/13/2019

How Internet2 works Universities commit: Working groups: Engineering lead: connect university to rest of Internet2 community, deploy new technologies Applications lead: support apps development on campus Middleware architect: work with I2MI to implement middleware infrastructure Working groups: Of expert/interested individuals within community Chaired by volunteer (sometimes by staff) Staff support 1/13/2019

How Internet2 works, cont’d Projects, e.g. Abilene Executive team and Project team Qwest, Cicso, Nortel Indiana University supplies NOC Projects, e.g. Shibboleth IBM providing coding Designed by MACE (volunteers from community) Supported by Staff Internet2 Staff Primarily facilitate, coordinate, flywheel ~80 1/13/2019

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Applications Middleware Engineering Advanced Network Infrastructure Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 1/13/2019

Different Disciplines/Contexts Sciences Arts Humanities Health care Business/Law Administration … Library Classroom Clinic Office Laboratory Dorm room … 1/13/2019

Application Attributes Interactive collaboration Real-time access to remote resources 1/13/2019

Remote Scanning Electron Microscope The University of Michigan

Philips XL30 1/13/2019

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Real-Time Tele-Operation of Remote Equipment North Carolina State University http://CARL.ce.ncsu.edu/

Tele-vator Excavation backhoe operated remotely over Internet2 Used in hazardous rescue situations Sophisticated two-way feedback using stereovision Tele-vator is a computerized excavation backhoe that can be remotely operated over Internet2 high-performance networks. Because of its size and potential criticality of operation (e.g., in hazardous rescue situations), Tele-vator requires a high-level of sophisticated two-way feedback, including adequate depth of vision provided via high-definition stereovision. Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS)—such as network bandwidth, latency (delay) control, and jitter (variability in delay) control—are essential to ensure the quality of the 3D image, audio, and equipment control channels required by Tele-vator’s remote operators. 1/13/2019

Space Physics and Aeronomy Research Collaboratory University of Michigan

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Attributes, cont. Large-scale, multi-site computation and data mining Shared virtual reality Any combination of the above 1/13/2019

Grid Projects

What is the Grid? Global resources available to communities of researchers The protocols, services, and applications that enable new forms of collaboration 1/13/2019

Grid Resources Instruments Libraries Workstations People Data sets 1/13/2019

High Fidelity Digital Video/Audio Teaching Music University of Oklahoma 1/13/2019

Source: University of North Carolina Video Futures Tele-immersive “Office of the Future” Source: University of North Carolina 1/13/2019

The Internet2 Commons An effort to encourage and support large-scale, distributed collaboration for the research and education community Enabling one-to-one, one-to-group, and group-to-group collaboration Supporting personal communications, meetings, conferences, and teaching and learning For Internet2 members and their international counterparts 1/13/2019

Other Collaborative Technologies Data Sharing Instant Messaging Voice/IP Other Collaborative Technologies Electronic Notebooks Peer to Peer The Internet2 Commons Collaboratories Others H.323 VRVS Videoconferencing Technologies AG MPEG2 Others 1/13/2019

Internet2 Commons Work Initial focus on H.323 Next move Set of MCU equipment available to members Training and certifying Commons Coordinators on campus Working with VIDE on numbering/directory schema Next move Additional collaborative technologies (e.g. T.120) 1/13/2019

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Applications Middleware Engineering Advanced Network Infrastructure Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 1/13/2019

Advanced Network Services (Distributed Network Middleware) } Applications Authentication, Identification, Authorization, Directories, Security Advanced Network Services (Distributed Network Middleware) Advanced Physical Network Infrastructure 1/13/2019

Internet2 Middleware Initiative Focus on core middleware as infrastructure Interoperability 190 universities will never buy the same software Getting stuff implemented Best practices Integrate across applications Discourage ‘islands’ of middleware infrastructure E.g. core middleware just for this particular grid project Enable community to share resources Grid, remote instruments, shared classes 1/13/2019

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Applications Middleware Engineering Advanced Network Infrastructure Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 1/13/2019

Engineering Scalable IP Multicast IPv6 Quality of Service http://www.internet2.edu/multicast/ IPv6 Quality of Service End to end at IP layer Network Security Measurement End to End Performance These are some of the new network capabilities that advanced networks will need to implement and which the Internet2 community is working on. 1/13/2019

Native Multicast 1/13/2019

Native Multicast 1/13/2019

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Applications Middleware Engineering Advanced Network Infrastructure Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 1/13/2019

Internet2 Network Infrastructure Backbones operate at 2.4 Gbps (OC48) capacity today, upgrade to 10Gbps in progress GigaPoPs provide regional high-performance aggregation points Local campus networks provide 100 Mbps to the desktop This is a broad generalization of the Internet2 network infrastructure. 1/13/2019

Network Architecture GigaPoP One Regional Network University C Internet2 Backbone Networks GigaPoP One Regional Network University C Commercial Internet Connections University B University A This diagram illustrates a possible ways universities access the high-performance and commercial networks 1/13/2019

Typical Internet2 University Network Connection Internet2 Backbones (2.4 Gbps) University Campus University Campus 155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps Department 155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps 100 Mbps Regional Network 622 Mbps-2.4 Gbps Lab or Classroom 155 Mbps – 2.4 Gbps University Campus 1/13/2019

Internet2 Backbone Networks vBNS – NSF project in cooperative agreement with MCI (now Worldcom) Funding ended April 2001 Program extended to April 2003, but no NSF funding Abilene – UCAID project with support of Qwest, Cisco, Nortel, Indiana University Renewed Qwest support through 2006 Future backbones? Discussions with various national fiber providers 1/13/2019

Internet2 Backbone Networks This is an illustration of the (currently) two Internet2 backbone networks, the vBNS developed by MCI Worldcom and the National Science Foundation and Abilene, developed by the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development, Qwest, Cisco and Indiana University. Donna Cox, Robert Patterson, NCSA 1/13/2019

Abilene Network Core Map, October 2001 1/13/2019

Abilene Network Logical Map 1/13/2019

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Applications Middleware Engineering Advanced Network Infrastructure Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 1/13/2019

Internet2 International Goals Ensure global interoperability of the next generation of Internet technologies and applications Enable global collaboration in research and education providing/promoting the development of an advanced networking environment internationally 1/13/2019

International Partners Build effective partnerships in other countries With organizations of similar goals/objectives and similar constituencies Mechanism: Memoranda of Understanding TERENA is asterisked because they do not have a network, but focus of that MoU is collaboration in technical wg space and applications development. 1/13/2019

MoU in brief Provide/promote interconnectivity between communities Collaborate on technology development and deployment Facilitate collaboration between members on applications Encourage technology transfer 1/13/2019

Internet2 International Partnership International Task Force Representatives of Internet2 International Partners Meets twice per year at Internet2 Member Meetings Cross-participation in working groups, mailing lists, projects 1/13/2019

International MoU Partners Europe-Middle East ARNES (Slovenia) BELNET (Belgium) CARNET (Croatia) CESnet (Czech Republic) DANTE (Europe) DFN-Verein (Germany) GIP RENATER (France) GRNET (Greece) HEAnet (Ireland) HUNGARNET (Hungary) INFN-GARR (Italy) Israel-IUCC (Israel) NORDUnet (Nordic Countries) POL-34 (Poland) RCCN (Portugal) RedIRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxembourg) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) TERENA (Europe) JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom) Asia-Pacific AAIREP (Australia) APAN (Asia-Pacific) APAN-KR (Korea) APRU (Asia-Pacific) CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET (China) JAIRC (Japan) JUCC (Hong Kong) NECTEC / UNINET (Thailand) SingAREN (Singapore) TAnet2 (Taiwan) Americas CANARIE (Canada) CUDI (Mexico) REUNA (Chile) RETINA (Argentina) RNP2 (Brazil) SENACYT (Panama) 1/13/2019

Abilene International Peering 09 January 2002 Abilene International Peering Pacific Wave AARNET, APAN/TransPAC, CA*net3, TANET2 STAR TAP/Star Light APAN/TransPAC, Ca*net3, CERN, CERnet, FASTnet, GEMnet, IUCC, KOREN/KREONET2, NORDUnet, RNP2, SURFnet, SingAREN, TAnet2 Sacramento Los Angeles Washington NYCM BELNET, CA*net3, GEANT*, HEANET, JANET, NORDUnet SNVA GEMNET, SINET, SingAREN, WIDE LOSA UNINET OC3-OC12 San Diego (CALREN2) CUDI AMPATH ANSP, REUNA, RNP2 RETINA El Paso (UACJ-UT El Paso) CUDI 1/13/2019 * ARNES, CARNET, CESnet, DFN, GRNET, RENATER, RESTENA, SWITCH, HUNGARNET, GARR-B, POL-34, RCCN, RedIRIS

Abilene ITN service Transit to vBNS and non-US peers of Abilene Example: Peer with Abilene Send/receive traffic to all Abilene participants, plus: vBNS participants All non-US network peers of Abilene (over 25) 1/13/2019

Americas Canada, U.S. and Mexico connected at multiple points Connections via Miami to Argentina, Brazil, Chile Building infrastructure between research and education communities 1/13/2019

Americas Connectivity (March 2002) Country Network BW(mbps) Interconnect Canada CA*net3 1310 S.T., Pacific Wave, NYC Mexico RED-CUDI 255 Tijuana-San Diego (CALREN2), Juarez/El Paso Chile REUNA 45 AmPATH Brazil RNP2 ANSP Argentina RETINA2 Puerto Rico To Abilene-U.S. Via South Florida GigaPoP 1/13/2019

CA*net http://www.canarie.ca Calgary Regina Winnipeg Ottawa Montreal Toronto Halifax St. John’s Fredericton Charlottetown Chicago Seattle New York Europe CANARIE Optical switches GigaPOP Thunder Bay Prince George CA*net 4 node Possible future CA*net 4 node Quebec Windsor Edmonton Saskatoon Victoria Vancouver Currently building CA*net4 network Wavelength-based Connects provincial networks Source: Bill St. Arnaud, CANARIE 1/13/2019

Mexico http://www.cudi.edu.mx Connecting ~30 members in Mexico at 155mbps Connecting to U.S.: via Tijuana – San Diego (with transit from CALREN2 to Abilene) at 155mbps 100mbps between Ciudad Juarez and El Paso “Convenios internacionales” with CANARIE, Internet2/UCAID, CENIC and REUNA 1/13/2019

AmPATH http://ampath.fiu.edu Florida International University with Global Crossing as primary partner Global Crossing provides potential to connect 10 countries at 45mbps each Service area includes: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, Peru, US Virgin Islands, Venezuela An Internet2 international interconnection point Facilitates peering with Abilene, other research and education networks Open to connections from other carriers NAP of the Americas, downtown Miami 1/13/2019

Chile http://www.reuna.cl Iquique Antofagasta Copiapó La Serena Valparaíso Santiago Talca Concepción Temuco Valdivia Red Universitaria Nacional – REUNA 10 POP’s from Arica to Valdivia 155 Mbps ATM/SDH Network Centrally operated from Santiago REUNA3: Gigabit Backbone Project Geographical Distribution of REUNA2 POP’s 1/13/2019

Brazil http://www.rnp.br Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa - RNP Connecting ~27 Brazilian states at 155 Mbps. RNP2 – AmPATH via DS-3 1/13/2019

Argentina http://www.retina.ar Red Teleinformática Académica Red RETINA: Connecting ~25 institutions Retina2: via AMPATH 1/13/2019

More Internet2 Information On the Web www.internet2.edu Email apreston@internet2.edu heather@internet2.edu For more information about Internet2, please see these web sites, or contact info@internet2.edu directly by email. 1/13/2019

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