Good morning! Please get out your spiral notebook and be ready for a First Four activity on the next slide. Get out your Major Themes sheet, your notes, and the Treaty of Versailles worksheet from last class.

First Four 8/17/16 “I see, I think, I wonder…” What do you see in the cartoon? Specific images, characters or symbols What do you think about what you see? How does it connect to what you know? What questions come to mind?

How did we get here? Review Aims of the Big 3 after WWI Terms of the Treaty of Versailles. How did the actual treaty match the original aims of the Big 3? Begin finalizing how the actual terms of the Treaty of Versailles matched your country’s original goals (Back of handout from last class). Group Responses?

Treaty of Versailles, Article 231 Punishing the Central Powers Germany Germany’s punishment in the Treaty can be remembered as: BRAT 1. Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war in the form of a “war guilt” clause. “The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed on them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.” Treaty of Versailles, Article 231

Punishing the Central Powers Germany Germany’s punishment in the Treaty can be remembered as: BRAT 1. Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war in the form of a “war guilt” clause. 2. Germany had to pay over $33 billion in Reparations, or fines. The reparations covered the destruction caused by the war, pensions for millions of Allied soldiers, widows and families.

Punishing the Central Powers Germany Germany’s punishment in the Treaty can be remembered as: BRAT 1. Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war in the form of a “war guilt” clause. 2. Germany had to pay over $33 billion in Reparations, or fines. 3. Germany was forbidden to have an Army over 100,000 men, no submarines, and no air force. 4. Germany lost Territory and colonies to Britain and France. Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France, land was lost to Poland, and the Rhineland was to be occupied by Allied troops.

Punishing the Central Powers The break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire led to the independence of four new nations: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. Austria- Hungary Serbia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Montenegro made up Yugoslavia. Austria, deprived of its entire empire, became a small nation. Ally Romania gained land, while Central Power Bulgaria lost land.

Punishing the Central Powers The weak Ottoman Empire (Turkey) was also broken up. Ottoman Empire Some of the territories were given independence, while others such as Palestine, Iraq, and Syria were given to Britain and France as MANDATES of the League of Nations

Punishing the Central Powers Communist Russia Since Russia’s new communist government left the war early, they were not invited to Versailles. The Allies wanted to weaken Russia to keep communism from spreading westward. Four new nations gained independence from Russia: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Russia also lost land to Poland and Romania.

Land Russia lost

League of Nations Wilson’s Creation President Wilson succeeded in forming the League of Nations. The countries that joined the League promised to take cooperative economic and military actions against any aggressive country. Although Wilson’s idea, the United States Congress rejected the League because Americans feared it would pull them into future European wars. The lack of the US severely weakened the League.

Aftermath: The Immediate Consequence of the Treaties GQc - What was the impact of the treaty on Germany up to 1923? GQd - Could the treaties be justified at the time?

The industrial Rhineland would be occupied by Allied troops for 15 years.

Germany lost Alsace, Lorraine, north Schleswig, and the Polish Corridor.

GQc - What was the impact of the treaty on Germany up to 1923?

Think… …of a time you were treated unfairly. How did you feel? How did you react? What did you do?

What are the symbols? What is the message? This cartoon appeared in the German satirical magazine Simplissimus, 3 June 1919 What are the symbols? What is the message?

The Weimar Republic 1919: German defeat= new government Weak; constant attempts to overthrow the government Spartacists – a communist revolutionary group Then another attempt by communists a few months later.

The Weimar Republic Putting down the communist rebellions “Freikorps” - former German military (Right-wing) Then the Freikorps tried to overthrow the government 1920. Stopped by striking left-wingers CRAZY times in Germany!

Weimar Republic Reparations – how much? Huuuuuuge economic problems Inflation, falling behind on reparations. 1923 French invade Ruhr (coal mining, industry) because Germany not paying… Germans went on strike.

Weimar Republic By 1923: hyperinflation Banknotes (money) worthless People lost their life savings Ex: Nov 20, 1923 $4 billion German marks - $1 US

Beer Hall Putsch Nov, 1923 Right Wing attempt to overthrow Weimar Republic launched in Munich Led by Adolf Hitler Failure- Hitler goes to jail Writes Mein Kampf

Assignment Paragraph Response Describe, in your own words, how the Treaty of Versailles led to chaos in Germany.

Was the Treaty of Versailles fair? Blue Book pp. 26-27 Six Minute Read What do the sources say? Write down your thoughts as you work. What do you say?