AP World Review: Video #3: The First Urban Societies and Civilizations (Key Concept 1.3, I) Everything You Need To Know About The First Urban Societies To Succeed In AP World www.APWorldReview.com

The First Urban Societies Developed around 5,000 years ago Mesopotamia Egypt Mohenjo-daro and Harappa Shang Olmec Chavin

Mesopotamia Located in present-day Iraq in the Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys Sumer - region in the southern half of Mesopotamia Uruk - largest city with 50,000 people - ziggurat in the center - massive walls surrounding the city Irrigation helped foster an abundance of agriculture - required labor to build Social Classes Patriarchal society - men were heads of households Only boys attended schools Kings and Nobles at the top - kings were seen as DIVINE Priests and priestesses - bring good fortune to communities Free commoners - mostly worked on farms outside the city Dependent Clients - owned no property, worked for others Slaves - Those in debt, prisoners of war, and criminals - often worked as domestic servants

Mesopotamia Sumerian cities established governments that controlled life inside and outside (farming) city walls 2900 B.C.E. - Sumerians developed the writing system Cuneiform Used to record purchases and taxes Hammurabi’s Code - 1750s B.C.E. - based on class

Egypt Located in the Nile River Annual floods produced rich soil to grow crops Natural barriers (deserts and seas) helped prevent foreign invaders 3100 B.C.E. - Egypt was unified, with Memphis as its capital Pharaohs ruled - claimed to be divine Pyramids were built - served as tombs Khufu’s pyramid - took 20 years to build and over 84,000 people

Egypt Pharaohs hoped to take over neighboring Nubia to the South Valuables such as gold, ivory and ebony were there

Mohenjo-daro and Harappa Located along the Indus River Valley 2000 B.C.E. Multi-story houses with indoor plumbing Written language used pictographs No Rosetta Stone - can’t decipher Social Classes: Believed to exist - varying sized homes Many professions - jewelers, potters, etc. Rural areas outside of city was used for farming Abandoned around 19th Century B.C.E.

Shang Located in the Yellow (Huange He) River Valley 1700s - 1100s B.C.E. Agriculture dominated this region Social classes: Many were peasants Some skilled workers - pottery, wheels, tools, some bronze items - including weapons Scribes - language that was pictograph-based Strong military - bronze weapons and chariots

Shang Calendar with 12 months Religion - polytheistic Believed in ancestral spirits Oracle bones Questions were asked on animal bones (tortoises and oxen) Overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty - Mandate of Heaven

Olmec Located in present-day Mexico 1200 - 400 B.C.E. Agriculture - avocados, beans, squash Developed a calendar and the concept of 0 Society was believed to be hierarchical

Chavin Located in Andean South America 1000 - 200 B.C.E. Agriculture - maize and cotton Llamas provided meat Weak political structure

Quick Recap Mesopotamia - Cuneiform Egypt - pharaohs, hieroglyphics Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa Shang - bronze weapons, oracle bones Olmec - agriculture Chavin - weak political structure

See You Back Here For Video #4: The Emergence Of States And New Weapons And Transportation Thanks for watching Best of luck