Motor Strategies Responsible for Maintaining Standing Posture After Deafferentation of the Unilateral Leg Satoshi Imai, RPT, MSc, Kimitaka Hase, MD,

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Motor Strategies Responsible for Maintaining Standing Posture After Deafferentation of the Unilateral Leg Satoshi Imai, RPT, MSc, Kimitaka Hase, MD, DMSc, Kuniyasu Imanaka, PhD, Etsuko Suzuki, RPT, Naofumi Tanaka, MD, DMSc, Meigen Liu, MD, DMSc Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 86, Issue 10, Pages 2027-2033 (October 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.04.019 Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 (A) Experimental set-up and (B) schematic of the measurement timing. Subjects were asked to maintain a quiet stance over 20 minutes (control task) and until the disappearance of the H-reflex (experimental task). All data were recorded in the first period for 60 seconds (initial period) and in the following periods for the same duration every 3 minutes. The final period of quiet stance for 60 seconds in the experimental task was performed after the loss of the H-reflex, and the period corresponding to the same time in the control task was analyzed. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 2027-2033DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.04.019) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Raw data on COP in the AP and ML directions and full-wave rectified electromyograms during the last 10 minutes of quiet standing of the initial, 7 to 8 minutes, and final periods in 1 subject. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded for the following muscles: gluteus medius (GM), vastus medialis (VM), tibialis anterior (TA), and soleus (Sol). (A) Control task, (B) Experiment task. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 2027-2033DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.04.019) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 The center-of-body sway positions under both feet (A) in the AP direction and (B) in the ML direction (N=9). The average COP positions were calculated as a percentage of the distance from the heel to the foot length in the AP direction and from the medial foot border to the foot width in the ML direction (see upper illustrations). NOTE. Mean and standard deviation (SD) bars are shown. Note also that the coordinate axes for the AP and ML data are opposite. *Difference between the control and experimental tasks (P<.05); †significant difference in the time-related changes (P<.01). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 2027-2033DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.04.019) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Time-related changes of %BW under the right leg to the whole body weight (N=9). NOTE. Mean and SD bars are shown. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 2027-2033DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.04.019) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Time-related changes of (A) hip and (B) ankle joint positions (N=9). NOTE. Mean and SD bars are shown. *Difference between the control and experimental tasks (P<.05). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 2027-2033DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.04.019) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 Time-related changes of electromyographic activity (N=9). NOTE. Mean and SD bars are shown. *Difference between the control and experimental tasks (P<.05); †significant difference in the time-related changes (P<.01). Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005 86, 2027-2033DOI: (10.1016/j.apmr.2005.04.019) Copyright © 2005 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions