Fighting for Independence (pages 117–119) A. The Continental Army faced disadvantages against the British Army in size, funding, discipline, and experience. However, they did have some advantages, including fighting on home ground, unconventional fighting tactics, and an overextended British army. B. In the Northern Campaign, General Howe quickly seized New York City before heading to Philadelphia. Washington countered with a surprise attack before both sides camped for the winter.

Fighting for Independence (pages 117–119) In 1777 British General Howe’s troops defeated Washington (12) at the Battle of Brandywine Creek and captured Philadelphia. However, the Continental Congress, which he had hoped to capture, had escaped. Howe had failed to destroy the Continental Army. General Burgoyne surrendered at Saratoga (13), and over 5,000 British troops were taken prisoner. The American victory was a turning point because it improved American morale and convinced France(13) to send troops to the American cause.

British Surrender at Saratoga by John Trumbull

Fighting for Independence (pages 117–119) In February 1778 Americans signed two treaties with France. As a result of the treaties, France became the first country to recognize the United States as an independent nation, and the United States and France formed an alliance. After losing in Saratoga, the British changed their strategy. They attacked in the South where they hoped to find more Loyalist support.

Fighting for Independence (pages 117–119) The British at first dominated in the South. In 1778 they captured Savannah, Georgia, and General Charles Cornwallis forced the surrender of 5,500 American troops in Charles Town, South Carolina, in 1780. Americans had already won in the West and turned the tides on the British in the South by late 1780. In Yorktown (14), Virginia, in the fall of 1781, General Cornwallis became trapped by Washington’s land forces and the French navy. On October 18, 1781, Cornwallis surrendered.

Surrender of Cornwallis by C. Brumidi

Fighting for Independence (pages 117–119) After learning of the surrender, Parliament voted to end the war. The Treaty of Paris(15) was signed on September 3, 1783. In the treaty, the British recognized the United States as a new nation with the Mississippi River as its western border. Britain kept Canada but gave Florida back to Spain in a separate treaty. The French received back their former colonies in Africa and the Caribbean.

Map of US after Treaty of Paris, 1763

Notebook Check Activities Map of US Timeline of Events 1980-2014 Map/Timeline- Proc. Of 1763 Enrichment 1- Revolution Poem Linking Past to Present- (Taxation) Dec. of Independence Analysis Video Guides Revolution: Declaring Ind. Notes 1.1 Notes/chart (p.99-101) 13 Colonies Chart Analysis of Colonies Chart (on back or separate sheet) Notes p.106-108 1.2 Study Guide 1.3 Study Guide Journals Journal 1- Native Americans Journal 2- Colony preference 9-11 Responses

Fighting for Independence (pages 117–119) What were the boundaries of the United States after the Treaty of Paris was signed? The United States was bordered by Canada on the north, Florida on the south, and the Mississippi River on the west.