MATCH THE INVENTOR TO THE INVENTION CHARLES TOWNSHEND Selective breeding ROBERT BAKEWELL 1st small steam engine on wheels Introduced new road surfaces JETHRO TULL THOMAS TELFORD/ JOHN McADAM Norfolk Crop Rotation Seed drill which scattered seeds evenly RICHARD TREVITHICK

MATCH THE INVENTOR TO THE INVENTION JAMES HARGREAVES Selective breeding RICHARD ARKWRIGHT 1st small steam engine on wheels Introduced new road surfaces SAMUEL CROMPTON JOHN KAY Norfolk Crop Rotation Seed drill which scattered seeds evenly EDMUND CARTWRIGHT

Industrial Revolution CAUSES RESULTS

QUESTIONS: What was enclosure? What was the Great Exhibition? Describe the living conditions in British cities. Why did cities grow? Name people/groups who helped with improvements in working and living conditions.

I am a factory worker in a cotton factory in Manchester I am a factory worker in a cotton factory in Manchester. Our factory is five stories tall and has small windows. The floors are full of machines for spinning (Crompton’s spinning mule) and weaving (Cartwright’s power loom) cotton. They are powered by a huge steam engine designed by James Watt. The noise in the factory is deafening and it is very hot. We will be fined if we open a window because the owner doesn’t want the threads to dry out, which would cause them to break. I am one of the few men working in the factory – I am a mechanic working on machines and other men are supervisors. Most of the workers are women and children, who are much cheaper to hire than men. I get over £1.50 a week because I’m a skilled craftsman who trained for seven years as an apprentice. Women get only 35p a week and children half that. They are treated badly by the supervisors, who often beat the children for falling asleep or talking. The supervisors also force the women to work hard. Accidents are common as women get their hair and clothes caught in machines and children get caught under them. The factory owner doesn’t care because he is only concerned about earning profits. We all live close to the factory in small houses built by the factory owner. We are close to the factory so that the factory siren can wake us up each morning. We pay him rent, but the houses are often wet and cold and we have no indoor toilets or piped water. Others can’t afford what I can, so they live in single rooms with little or no furniture. Many of our neighbours have died from various diseases such as TB and cholera. There is talk about improvements. The trade unions have called for better working conditions, government commissions have reported in the Blue Books how bad conditions are and there are proposals to pass laws which will reduce working hours and send children to school.