Research Hypothesis Theory An educated guess based on an observation

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Presentation transcript:

Research Hypothesis Theory An educated guess based on an observation A broad set of observations that have been supported with repeated testing Theory

Early History of the Atom

Matter Anything with mass and volume Composed of atoms

Dalton Developed the first theory of the structure of the atom (1766 -1844) Developed the first theory of the structure of the atom “Billiard Ball” Model of the atom Dalton’s “Billiard Ball” Model

Dalton’s Theory All elements are made up of tiny indivisible particles. Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of one element are different from the atoms of another element. Atoms of different elements chemically combine to form chemical compounds. During chemical reactions, atoms are rearranged. Atoms of one element cannot be changed into the atoms of another element in a chemical change.

Thomson Experimented with cathode ray tubes (1856 – 1940) Experimented with cathode ray tubes Discovered negatively charged electrons “Plum Pudding” model of the atom Thomson’s “Plum Pudding” Model

Thomson’s Exp. Cathode Ray Tube Negative Plate Cathode Positive Deflected Cathode Ray Tube

Rutherford’s “Nuclear” Model (1871 – 1937) Experimented with alpha particles and gold foil Discovered the positively charged nucleus (protons) “Nuclear” model of the atom Rutherford’s “Nuclear” Model

Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment Rutherford’s Exp. Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment Close-up Of Gold Foil Atoms Alpha Particles Hit Gold Atom Nucleus And Are Deflected

Chadwick Experimented with radioactivity Discovered the neutron (1891 – 1974) Experimented with radioactivity Discovered the neutron