Unit 10: The Civil Rights Movement 5.11.18

LGBTQ Rights

A History of Discrimination Gay relationships illegal in most states 1950s & 1960s - FBI kept lists of known homosexuals Some gay people were placed in mental institutions Local governments shut down gay bars

Effects After raids, thousands jailed Faced harassment and being fired

Stonewall 1969: police raided Stonewall Inn in NYC Police brutality sparked a riot – hundreds of bystanders began to fight back Stonewall Inn was a gay bar in NYC

Video Clip 1. People’s experiences of Stonewall 2. Short-term effects 3. Long-term effects https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTujTI8rGBg&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Michael Fader’s Account of Stonewall We all had a collective feeling like we'd had enough of this.... Everyone in the crowd felt that we were never going to go back. It was like the last straw. It was time to reclaim something that had always been taken from us.... All kinds of people, all different reasons, but mostly it was total outrage, anger, sorrow, everything combined, and everything just kind of ran its course. It was the police who were doing most of the destruction. We were really trying to get back in and break free. And we felt that we had freedom at last, or freedom to at least show that we demanded freedom. We weren't going to be walking meekly in the night and letting them shove us around—it's like standing your ground for the first time and in a really strong way, and that's what caught the police by surprise. There was something in the air, freedom a long time overdue, and we're going to fight for it.

After Stonewall The Gay Rights Movement began to organize The Gay Liberation Front (GLF) and the Gay Activists' Alliance (GAA) were formed

The Movement Organizes Goals: An end to persecution by police Equal rights in employment Making homosexual relationships legal An end to the stigma about homosexuality

Demanding Change Marches & writing 1974: American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from list of mental disorders

San Francisco 1977 - Harvey Milk became the first openly gay elected official (city supervisor) Less than a year later, assassinated Riots after shooter, Dan White, got only 7 years due to a temporary insanity plea

Setbacks During 1970s - Supreme Court upheld laws banning homosexual relationships Firings of gay teachers were also upheld

1980s The movement shifted focus in response to the AIDS crisis “Act Up” organized to address silence around this issue

Modern Gay Rights Movement Goals: Protection against discrimination in employment, housing, services and immigration Adoption laws Gay marriage

Modern Gay Rights Movement Lawrence v. Texas 2003 Supreme Court case Ruled all laws banning homosexual sex were unconstitutional Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell People who were openly homosexual couldn’t serve in military Repealed in 2011

Laws Against Homosexual Relationships Light Yellow: Laws repealed or struck down before 1970. Dark Yellow: Laws repealed or struck down from 1970-1989. Orange: Laws repealed or struck down from 1989-2002. Red: Laws struck down by the US Supreme Court in 2003.

DOMA Defense of Marriage Act 1996 Federal Law Marriage defined as a union of one man and one woman Supreme Court overturned it in 2013

Public Opinion on Gay Marriage

Gay Marriage Legalized June 26, 2015 Supreme Court ruled in Obergefell v. Hodges that state-level bans on same-sex marriage are unconstitutional

LGBTQ Employment Discrimination Laws