AP World Review: Time Period Characterizations

AP World Time Periods Foundations (8,000 BCE – 600 BCE) Classical (600 BCE – 600 CE) Post-Classical (600 CE – 1450 CE) Early Modern (1450 CE – 1750 CE) Modern (1750 CE – 1900 CE) Contemporary / Global (1900 CE – Present)

Time Period Divisions Foundations (8,000 BCE – 600 BCE) Creation of stable classical empires Classical (600 BCE – 600 CE) Collapse of Classical Societies & Creation of Islam Post-Classical (600 CE – 1450 CE) Collapse of Byzantium & prior to Columbus Early Modern (1450 CE – 1750 CE) Prior to Revolutions of 18th century (French, American) & Industrialization Modern (1750 CE – 1900 CE) Prior to WWI and global growth of nationalism Contemporary / Global (1900 CE – Present)

Human Prehistory and Early Civilizations Foundations 8000 BCE – 600 BCE Human Prehistory and Early Civilizations

Foundations: Major Themes Hunter-gatherers (disadvantages) Neolithic Revolution + agriculture (advantages) Civilization Characteristics River Valley Civilizations Egypt Mesopotamia Sumer Babylon Indus River Valley Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Huang He River Valley Xia (fictional?), Shang Little to no expansion Limited interaction if living outside major civs

Classical 600 BCE – 600 CE Classical China Classical India Classical Greece and Rome Classical Declines

Classical Period: Major Themes China: Zhou, Qin, Han India: Mauryan, Gupta Mediterranean: Greece, Etruscans, Rome Similarities: Major religions/ideologies develop Massive territorial expansion Integrate new territories (ex: China and Rome) Iron tools and weapons Connection occurs through trade primarily (Silk Road) Exception: Alexander the Great and Bactria (Mauryan India) China and entrance of Indian Buddhism

Classical Period: Major Themes Late Classical Period Collapse of empires Turn to religion or ideology in time of chaos Buddhism (Siddhartha Gautama) Hinduism (Vedic texts) Christianity (Bible) Confucianism (Confucius, Analects of Confucius) Legalism (Shi Huangdi) Daoism (Lao Tzu)

Color Coded History: Foundations and Classical ORANGE

Color Coded History: Foundations and Classical ORANGE

Post Classical 600 CE – 1450 CE Rise of Islam Abbasids and Spread of Islam to S/SE Asia Islam in Africa Byzantium Early Christian and Middle Ages Pre-Columbian America Sui, Tang and Song Sinification in Japan, Korea, Vietnam Mongols Golden Age of Exploration

Post-Classical Period: Major Themes According to Sterns 1st Realm (most developed, high interaction): Umayyads and Abbasids; Sui, Tang, Song China; Byzantium 2nd Realm (trade raw materials for luxury goods; imitate other cultures): Japan, Korea, Vietnam; Western Europe; Russia; Sub-Saharan Africa 3rd Realm (no connection with 1 and 2): Americas Period begins with: Collapse of Classical Empires Rise and spread of Islam Major events: Spread of Christianity and Buddhism Silk Road (Esp. after 1000 CE  increased contact; rapid transmission of culture and technology (paper, compass)

Post-Classical Period: Major Themes Period ends with: Mongols are gone Ming China closes China off Still strongest economy; greatest demand Middle East weak via Mongols Russia weak via Mongols Byzantium falls Western Europe grows with new technology from Asia Americas become weak prior to Columbus

Color Coded History: Post-Classical GREEN

Color Coded History: Post-Classical GREEN

Early Modern 1450 CE – 1750 CE The World Economy Renaissance and 17th-century Europe Rise of Russia Early Latin America Atlantic Slave Trade Ottomans; Mughals; Safavids Ming China and Tokugawa Japan

Early Modern Period: Major Themes Columbian Exchange Plants, animals, diseases  population effects Becomes Triangular Trade Altered World Economy Mercantilism  utilize colonies Atlantic Slave Trade Gunpowder Empires (new weaponry) Ottomans; Mughals; Safavids Internal Changes in Empires Europe: Renaissance; Protestantism; Scientific Rev; absolutism; exploration Russia: tsardom, copy West, retain uniqueness Japan: Tokugawa Shogunate; isolation China: Neo-Confucianism

Color Coded History: Early Modern BLUE

Color Coded History: Early Modern BLUE

Modern 1750 CE – 1900 CE Age of Revolution and Industrial Revolution European Imperialism 19th-century Latin America Ottomans; Egypt; Qing China Industrialization in Russia and Japan

Modern Period: Major Themes West’s military advantages  Imperialism Result of industrialization (cannon; repeating rifle; machine gun, trains, steamships, improved medications) Think of: Opium War; Battle of Lepanto; Crimean War World Economy All societies must participate or West forces them to (Opium War; Boxer Rebellion; Matthew Perry and Japan) Increasing capitalism High production of raw materials Marxism Reaction to West (Resist/traditional or acceptance?) Social Darwinism Military reforms (Tanzimat, Self-Strengthening, Meiji) Education (Russia; Dutch Studies in Japan)

Modern Period: Major Themes Revolutions American (1776); Haitian (1804); French (1789); Latin American (19th-c) New philosophies/rights  complicates colonies Industrial Revolution CELL; 1st and 2nd Revolution; social and cultural results Abolition New ideologies (Enlightenment, moral principles) Britain takes lead Wage-laborers Nationalism By 1914, nationalism almost everywhere Begins in West (Italy, Balkans, Germany)  ultimately used by non-West to protest against West 19th-c Globalization Telegraph; steamship; consumerism; Suez and Panama Canal; First-wave Feminism

Color Coded History: Modern YELLOW

Color Coded History: Modern YELLOW

Global 1900 CE - present WWI Interwar Period WWII Cold War 20th/21st c. Latin America Independence in Asia, Africa, Middle East Mao’s China and the Pacific Rim End of Cold War Globalization

Global Period: Major Themes Decline of West’s Power Decolonization Complicated World Economy Neocolonialism (Danger of single-export) War over resources: Iran-Iraq War; Persian Gulf War Communism vs. Capitalism China; Pacific Rim; Sub-Saharan Africa added Population Growth 1914 to present: 3x Struggle to provide resources; public health; food Technology Radio; telephone; cell phone; satellite; air travel; internet

Global Period: Major Themes Wars WWI; WWII; Chinese Civil War; Vietnam War; Korean War Revolutions Social upheaval: growing middle class Chinese Rev (1911); Mexican Rev (1910); Russian Rev (1917) Empire and Monarchies end Fascism; authoritarianism  Democratization in 70s/80s Cultural Change Consumerism; Coca-cola-nization Rejection: Religious fundamentalism Gender Traditions remain: Birth control Second-wave Feminism; constitutional equality Globalization

Color Coded History: Global RED

Color Coded History: Global RED