The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.

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Presentation transcript:

The extension of a nation’s power over other lands. NEW IMPERIALISM The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.

MOTIVES: ECONOMIC National rivalries Racism Social Darwinism Religious Humanitarian

Colonial Takeover of Southeast Asia Countries: Great Britain France United States Netherlands (Dutch) Germany Portugal

GREAT BRITAIN Founded new colony: Singapore Burma: Stopping point for sea travel – to and from China Burma: protect possessions in India find land route to china The Port of Singapore, one of the world's five busiest, with the skyline of Singapore in the background.

FRANCE Alarmed at British trade in SE Asia French gov’t forced Vietnamese to accept French protection Vietnamese empire became a French protectorate (a political unit that depends on another gov’t for protection)

FRANCE (cont.) French Indochina: Thailand (Siam)– the Exception Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Annam, Tonkin Thailand (Siam)– the Exception Maintained independence Promoted western learning Maintained friendly relations w/ European powers Acted as a buffer state between GB & France

UNITED STATES Pres. McKinley – “moral obligation to civilize other parts of the world” Turn the Philippines into a colony Strategic trading post w/ China Resistance: Aguinaldo leads guerilla forces against U.S. U.S. defeats guerilla forces

COLONIAL REGIMES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA GOALS: Exploit natural resources & open up markets for their manufactured goods TYPES OF RULE: Indirect: local authority remained in place Direct: local authority belonged to the European power

INDIRECT RULE Advantages: Disadvantages: Lowered costs of gov’t Maintained local culture/customs Ex. – Dutch East India Company Disadvantages: Locals resistance Ex. – Burma: GB abolished monarchy

DIRECT RULE Vietnam: France imposed direct rule in Southern provinces of Mekong Delta northern parts governed as protectorate

COLONIAL ECONOMIES Europeans stressed export of raw materials Plantation agriculture Subsistence farming to cash crops Led to famine Plantation wage laborers – wages low unhealthy heavy tax burden: pay for salaries of gov’t officials & other administrative costs

COLONIAL ECONOMIES (cont.) Advantages: New modern economic system Export market led to new entrepreneurial social class Many shared in the profits of colonial enterprise Most profits return to mother country

COLONIAL RESISTANCE Resistance from existing ruling class and from peasant class New form: Created from nationalism Western intellectuals led resistance