Seidenberg School of CSIS, Pace University, Pleasantville, New York An Overview of Algorithms in Three Emerging Technologies: Big Data, Internet of Things, and Wearable Technology Seidenberg School of CSIS, Pace University, Pleasantville, New York PRESENTED BY: DPS 2017 Amir Ataee, Sonnie Avenbuan, Marvin Billings, Sharice Cannady, Terrance Hamilton, LLiver José, Davis Mirilla, Mark Pisano, Michael Powell, Egal Sanchez, Michael Sidaras-Tirrito, Anandi Singh and Pedro Vasseur

Introduction Technology is transforming the world we live in today such as everything we use today from the cars we drive, tattoos, phones, home appliances, to smart cities. What makes IoT work with the sea of big data? What glues these technologies together to form the IoT? Is it the engine of big data technology and NoSQL technology? To answer these questions, we uncovered four driving components today that represent emerging technology functions as a whole: Algorithms Big Data Internet of Things (IoT) Wearable technologies

Algorithm The glue that is required to combine emerging technologies together and provide results in the digital world is the algorithm. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a self-contained step-by-step set of operations to be performed. This research focus on how algorithms are the driving force behind Wearable Technology, Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data. The calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning are all relevant for emerging technologies to function as expected. In this paper, we present a brief heuristic view of algorithms in computing and how they are the engine that propels not only the Internet of Things, but aim to manage the Big Data generated by devices.

Big Data Is a collection of enormous datasets that cannot be managed using traditional computing techniques. Stock Exchange – Trade information (buy and sell) Social Media – Facebook and Twitter Power Grid – Usage Search Engine – Collect information from different websites Virtually everywhere from financial and medical institutions to dating sites are spewing data. Even though algorithms are not visible to the common man, algorithms are the heart or engine that moves the data.

Big Data The data can then further be described as the blood, that emerging technologies depends on for diagnostics. Emerging technologies are highly dependent on big data Internet of Things (IoT) Wearables We need a software framework for storing the data and running applications, not to mention the massive processing power and the ability to handle limitless parallel tasks or jobs NoSQL databases and Hadoop software, which are Big Data technologies, turned out to be ideal for analyzing data streams from sensors and controllers.

Internet of Things The 1980’s the beginning of the idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) was born - Machine-to-Machine communication. The term IoT, is a concept rather than an object. Its a process whereby all devices are embedded and connected, enabling street lights, embedded sensors, image recognition functionality, augmented reality, and near field communication integrated into controllers that will provide new services.

Internet of Things The benefits of IoT are numerous and impacting the way we work and live by saving time and resources. Creating new opportunities for growth by modernization and information creation in every field for example agriculture, healthcare and smart cities. IoT allows the private and public-sector organizations to manage assets, optimize performance, and develop new business models

Wearables History shows us that the concepts of wearable technology can be traced back centuries. MIT has stated that a precursor to wearable computing can date back as far as 1268, when Roger Bacon first mentioned the concept of eyeglasses. Health informatics has always been an important part of what drives new innovations in technology. Common wearables of today are Google Glass, Apple Watch and Fitbit.

Wearables Wearable today comes in the form of an “electronic tattoo” an application of wearable technology that uses biosensors which are either printed directly on the epidermis of a human subject or embedded within an ultra-thin flexible substrate that can be applied to the skin much like a small bandage. This technology monitors biomedical data for prolonged periods of time. New advances in body-borne technology could enhance the current processes of non-invasive biomedical data collection. Unobtrusive wearable may replace many existing medical devices currently deployed in the field by using electrochemical tattoos or disguise jewelry.

Internet of Things (IoT) Algorithms Big Data Wearables Internet of Things (IoT)

Conclusion Big Data, Internet of Things and Wearable Technologies heavily assisted by algorithms are three emerging technologies which promise to change the face of computing. The restrictions of algorithms are expanding daily. Algorithms are displacing humans in a growing number of industries. Algorithms are here to stay and govern every aspect of our societal lives. New ones will be created, existing ones will be improved, or “re-invented”. Algorithms are faster than humans, and when things work as they should, they make far fewer mistakes than we do. But as algorithms acquire power and independence, there can be unexpected consequences.