States of Matter Gases, Liquids, Solids.

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Presentation transcript:

States of Matter Gases, Liquids, Solids

Kinetic Theory – states that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion. Kinetic - motion Key Concept - Particles in a gas are considered to be hard, small spheres with an insignificant volume.

The motion of particles in a gas is rapid, constant, and random. All collisions between particles in a gas are perfectly elastic (energy is transferred without loss from one particle to another). Particles in a gas only interact when they collide.

Temperature (in kelvins, K) is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance. Objects expand when heated because of increased vibrational motion. Gas pressure is caused by the collisions of particles with an object (wall).

Atmospheric pressure results from the weight of air above an object. Higher altitudes have less atmospheric pressure. (Gravity) Standard atmospheric pressure is … 1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mm Hg A barometer measures atmospheric pressure.

Possible Conversion Factors 1 atm -------- 101.3 kPa 101.3 kPa -------- 1 atm 1 atm -------- 760 mm Hg 760 mm Hg -------- 101.3 kPa 101.3 kPa -------- 760 mm Hg 760 mm Hg -------- 1 atm

What pressure, in kilopascals AND in atmospheres, does a gas exert at 385 mm Hg? 51.3 kPa 0.507 atm

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