Characteristics of the Atmosphere Unit 4: Sixth Grade

Floating Balloon Steven has an uninflated balloon. He fills the balloon with a gas and ties it closed. When he lets it go, it floats up into the sky. Steven wonders what happens to the mass of the uninflated balloon compared to the inflated, floating balloon. What do you think? Does the floating balloon have more mass? Does the floating balloon have less mass? Do the uninflated and the floating balloon have the same mass? Explain your thinking Floating Balloon

The atmosphere is the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth. It provides you with: The oxygen you need to breathe Protection from the Sun’s rays It’s A Mixture of Gases

Our atmosphere is mostly made up of nitrogen gas (78%) The oxygen that we depend on only makes up 21% of our atmosphere The other 1% is made up of argon, CO2, water vapor and other gases. It’s a Mixture of Gases

It’s Held around the Earth by Gravity (Air Pressure) What would carrying a column of air that is 700 km high feel like? You carry this load every day! While air is not heavy, its weight adds up. At sea level, a square inch of surface area is almost 15 lb of air. Carrying this much air on such a small surface is like carrying a large bowling ball on the tip of your finger!!! It’s Held around the Earth by Gravity (Air Pressure)

It’s Held around the Earth by Gravity (Air Pressure) Our atmosphere is held around the Earth by gravity. Gravity pulls gas molecules in the atmosphere toward the Earth’s surface, causing air pressure. It’s Held around the Earth by Gravity (Air Pressure)

It’s Held around the Earth by Gravity (Air Pressure) Air pressure is the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface. Air pressure is strongest at Earth’s surface because more air is above you. As you move farther away from the Earth’s surface, fewer molecules are pushing down on you, so air pressure decreases. It’s Held around the Earth by Gravity (Air Pressure)

It’s Held around the Earth by Gravity (Air Pressure) Think of air pressure as a human pyramid. The people at the bottom of the pyramid can feel all the weight and pressure of the people on top. Air pressure works in a similar way. It’s Held around the Earth by Gravity (Air Pressure)

It’s Composition Affects Air Temperature Air temperature changes as altitude increases. This difference is due to the way the sun’s energy is absorbed as it moves through the atmosphere. http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=2RqmT h3K6yk It’s Composition Affects Air Temperature

It’s Composition Affects Air Temperature Some parts of the atmosphere are warmer because they contain a high percentage of gases that absorb solar (sun) energy. Other parts contain less of these gases and are cooler. It’s Composition Affects Air Temperature

It Has Layers

Based on temperature changes, the Earth’s atmosphere is divided into four layers: the Troposphere, the Stratosphere, the Mesosphere and the Thermosphere. Try Saving Much Time These words may sound complicated, but the name of each word gives you some clues about its features. It Has Layers

“Sphere” means “ball” which suggests that each layer surrounds the Earth like a hollow ball. “Tropo” means “turning” or “change” and the Troposphere is the layer where gases turn and mix. “Strato” means “layer” and the Stratosphere is where the gases are layered and do not mix very much. “Meso” means “middle” and the mesosphere is the middle layer “Thermo” means “heat”, and the thermosphere is where the temperatures are the highest. It Has Layers

It Has Layers – The Troposphere The first layer of the atmosphere, which lies next to the Earth’s surface is the troposphere. Altitude 0- 12,000 Km,(0- 12 miles) It is the densest layer 90% of the atmosphere’s total mass! Almost all CO2, water vapor, clouds, air pollution, weather and life-forms exist here. Temperatures vary (-70 – over 100 degrees F) Air pressure varies because of differing temperatures causes the gases to mix It Has Layers – The Troposphere

It Has Layers --- The Stratosphere Gases in the stratosphere are layered and do not mix as much as the gases in the troposphere. Altitude: 12,000-50,000 km, (second layer) The air is very thin and dry. The lower stratosphere is very cold (-60 C, -70F), but the temperature rises as altitude increases (from -70F to 32 degrees F) This rise happens because ozone in the stratosphere absorbs the ultraviolet from the sun. Airplanes fly here! It Has Layers --- The Stratosphere

It Has Layers – The Stratosphere The gases in the ozone layer rarely mix One of these gas layers within the stratosphere is the ozone layer. Ozone is a natural gas that forms a thin shield high up in the sky. It protects life on Earth from the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays. Stratospheric ozone is found most often between six and 30 miles above the Earth's surface. It Has Layers – The Stratosphere

It Has Layers – The Mesosphere Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere. The mesosphere is the third layer (middle) of the atmosphere. Altitude: bottom of statosphere – 53 miles) The temperature decreases as altitude increases. Comets found here It Has Layers – The Mesosphere

It Has Layers – The Thermosphere One of the uppermost (the fourth) layers of the atmosphere is called the thermosphere. Top of mesosphere -375 miles up The temperature increases with altitude. Up to 3,500 degrees F Spacecraft It Has Layers – The Thermosphere

It Has Layers --- The Thermosphere If you said “yes” you are wrong(so wrong) This is because temperature and heat are NOT the same thing! Temperature is the measure of how quickly particles are moving. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures. It Has Layers --- The Thermosphere

Particles must touch each other to transfer thermal energy. The density of the thermosphere is so low that there is a lot of space between particles. Since there is so much space between the particles, they rarely touch each other. Since they rarely touch, they cannot transfer heat. Therefore, while the temp is high, the heat is low in the thermosphere! Temperature vs. Heat

It Has Layers – The Exosphere The outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere is known as the exosphere. In the exosphere, the atmosphere becomes very thin, and atoms and molecules escape into space. Temperatures change dramatically Begins at the top of the thermosphere to about 6,200 miles from Earth’s surface Where satellites orbit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyfN9t_E0w 8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 It Has Layers – The Exosphere

Layers of The Atmosphere Sort Procedure: Cut out the squares. Keep them in a neat pile. Starting with the troposphere at the bottom, put the names of each layer in the NAMES boxes in the correct order. Once you are satisfied with your answers, glue them down using the glue stick Then, use your notes to find a characteristic of each layer, put this info in the proper CHARACTERISTICS box Once you are satisfied with your answers, glue them down. Complete the other categories (ORDER, ALTITUDE, TEMPERATURE, IMAGE) using the same method When you are finished: Turn over your paper Answer the following questions: 1) How are the layers of the atmosphere alike and different? 2) What is the relationship between air pressure and layer level? 3) Jack says that the characteristics layers of the atmosphere are all the same, some are just higher up than others. Joe says that the layers of the atmosphere are very different. Who is correct and why? Layers of The Atmosphere Sort

If you were lost in the woods, you could survive for a few days without food and water. But you wouldn’t last for more than a five minutes without the atmosphere. So, if the atmosphere is soooo important that you can’t live without out it for even five minutes --- WHAT IS ATMOSPHERE? Former lead slide