Barthes 5 narrative codes

Barthes suggested that there will be one or more of the 5 codes that descibe the meaning of a text. Barthes said that texts may be ‘open’ (unravelled in a lot of different ways) or ‘closed’ (there is only one obvious thread to pull on).

The 5 codes Hermeneutic / Enigma code Proairetic/Action code Semantic code Symbolic code Referential code

Hermeneutic/Enigma code This code refers to mystery within a text. Clues are dropped, but no clear answers are given. Enigmas within the narrative make the audience want to know more. Unanswered enigmas tend to frustrate the audience.

Proairetic/Action code This code contains sequential elements of action in the text. Proairetic elements add suspense to the text.

Semantic code This code refers to parts within the text that suggests or referes to additional meanings. Elements of the semantic code are called Semes. The seme has a connotative function in the text. It has an extra layer of meaning in addition to its literal meaning

Symbolic code This code is about symbolism within the text. It exercises opposites to show contrast and create greater meaning, creating tension, drama and character development.

Referential code This code refers to anything in the text which refers to an external body of knowlegde such as scientific, historical and cultural knowledge.