Classification

Classification The organization of species into groups based on their characteristics Taxonomy = the science of classification

Classification 2+ million DESCRIBED species 10 to 50+ million species estimated on Earth ALL organisms placed into one of 3 domains Each domain is made up of kingdoms Each kingdom is broken down into smaller phyla

Domain 1: Bacteria I. Bacteria: Most of the Known Prokaryotes 29+ accepted phyla of bacteria # growing with improved methods of identifying bacteria

Domain 2: Archaea II. Archaea: Prokaryotes of Extreme Environments Crenarchaeota: Thermophiles Euryarchaeota: Methanogens & Halophiles Korarchaeota: Some Hot Springs Microbes

Domain 3: Eukarya III. Eukarya: Eukaryotic Cells Kingdom Protista—single-celled critters and algae Kingdom Fungi—molds, mushrooms, yeast, etc. Kingdom Plantae—plants Kingdom Animalia—animals

Phylogenetic tree showing the diversity of bacteria, compared to other organisms. Eukaryotes are colored red, archaea green and bacteria blue. Ciccarelli FD, Doerks T, von Mering C, Creevey CJ, Snel B, Bork P (2006). "Toward automatic reconstruction of a highly resolved tree of life". Science 311 (5765): 1283–7

6 Kingdoms Archaea Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia prokaryotes eukaryotes

Classification hierarchy Dear King Phillip Calls Out For Good Soup Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Timber wolf Canis lupus L. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae Genus: Canis Specific epithet: lupus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_wolf

L = Linnaeus Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus 1707-1778 Developed the current classification system

Scientific names Unique to each species 2 parts to each scientific name Genus Specific epithet Written in Latin Generally have a meaning—describes the species

Scientific names Example: mountain lion cougar klandagi puma cat of one color panther concolor cat of many names tyger cuguacuarana ko-icto painter catamount ghost walker leopardo koe-ishto el leon

Scientific names scientific name Example: mountain lion Scientific name: Puma concolor genus specific epithet scientific name

Scientific names But there’s more!!! Caretta caretta = loggerhead sea turtle But…there are different populations of C. caretta around the world—and they have slightly different characteristics. Atlantic loggerhead = Caretta caretta caretta Pacific loggerhead = Caretta caretta gigas

Dichotomous keys

Dichotomous keys