Characteristics of Living Things

Write down what is in yellow.

Characteristics of Living Things Made of Cells unicellular and multicellular Red Blood cells Onion skin epidermal cells Human cheek cells

Characteristics of Living Things 2. Grows and develops Increase in cell size and/or number Includes: development, aging, death Differentiation – cell specialization for a certain job

Characteristics of Living Things 3. Obtains & uses Energy Metabolism (sum of all chemical reactions) Anabolism- simple to complex (build–up rxns.) Catabolism – complex to simple (break-down rxns.) Heterotrophic (other feeding) vs. autotrophic (self-feeding)

Characteristics of Living Things 4. Reproduces two kinds of reproduction: - asexual – takes one to make more - sexual – takes two

Characteristics of Living Things 5. Responds to the Environment a. Movement – internal or external b. Irritability - ability to respond to a stimulus Examples of stimuli : sight, sound, touch, pressure, temperature, chemicals, color, light, other? c. Adaptability

Taxonomy A. Definition = science of naming things & assigning them to groups

Taxonomy B. Why have a classification system? 1. Single, universal name 2. Avoid confusion 3. Understand how living things are related to one another

Taxonomy What are the FIVE common names of this animal?

Taxonomy Mountain Lion Cougar Puma (Florida) Panther Catamount Rocky Mountain resident Florida resident

Taxonomy Wouldn’t it be confusing if we didn’t have a scientific name? Felis concolor = scientific name of the mountain lion Genus species (always underlined or in italics)

C. Examples of classification systems: Taxonomy C. Examples of classification systems: 1. Dewey decimal system – library 2. Sections of store – music store 3. Periodic Table of elements - Chemistry 4. Others?

Taxonomy Binomial nomenclature System of scientific naming Developed by Carolus Linnaeu (Swedish botanist) in 1750s Two part scientific name Genus and species Must be underlined or in italics In Latin (dead language of scholars)

Taxonomy E. Example : Homo sapiens (wise man) 1. Scientific name for human beings 2. Homo = genus (capitalized & underlined) 3. sapiens = species (underlined, but NOT capitalized)

? Taxonomy F. Definition of species = breed successfully  viable, fertile offspring unique features similar to others of same species have similar DNA to other species members ?

Taxonomy G. 7 Taxa of living things ( taxon = group) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy H. Kingdom is least specific, largest group I. Species is most specific, contains only one kind of organism

Taxonomy J. An example: Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

K. Other Systems of Classification Cladograms- a branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships

K. Other Systems of Classification 2. Three Domain System: Eubacteria, Archaebacteria and Eukaryotes

Taxonomy L. What determines how something is classified? 1. DNA 2. Structure

Taxonomy 3. Embryology & development

Taxonomy L. There are 6 kingdoms of living things 1. Archaebacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia

Taxonomy M. Definitions Prokaryotic = does not have a nucleus to contain its DNA Eukaryotic – has a membrane–bound nucleus

Taxonomy N. Unicellular A. Prokaryotic 1. Archaebacteria –ancient bacteria 2. Eubacteria – most bacteria B. Eukaryotic 3. Protista – single-celled O. Multicellular 4. Fungi – e.g. mushrooms 5. Plantae - plants 6. Animalia - animals