The Punic Wars Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

Roman Legion Divided into infantry and cavalry 5,000 Soldiers Every citizen had to serve for 10 years

Roman Legion Divided into smaller groups of 80 men called a century

Roman Power Grows Roman power grew slowly and steadily Eventually conquered all of Italy

The Defeated People The New Roman People Rome was lenient to the people they conquered They were allowed to be full citizens if they lived on the Tiber Those who lived further away had citizenship but could not vote.

The Punic Wars Eventually Rome and Carthage began to fight over trade in the Mediterranean Sea They fought 3 battles

Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier Dispute over control of Sicily and trade routes in the western Mediterranean brought Rome into conflict with the powerful North African city-state of Carthage Carthage Carthage had been founded as Phoenician colony 500 years earlier Result was the three Punic Wars 264-146 BC

Why did the Wars happen? Both Rome and Carthage had central locations in the Mediterranean Basin. They were competing over control of trade routes in and around the sea.

The 1ST Punic War Dates: 265 – 241 BCE Fought over control of 3 Islands that lie in between Africa and the Italian Peninsula of Europe Sicily Corsica Sardinia

The 1ST Punic War Rome Carthage Strong/large Military Strong experienced navy Large warship Quinquereme Mainly sea battles Best military soldiers at the time Small, inexperienced navy

Turning Point Roman Inventions Corvus: Long ladder with a hook on it Roman ships sailed close to Carthaginian ships and hooked the two ships together Effect: turned Naval battles into mini-land battles… which the Romans were very good at.

Results: The 1st Punic War The Roman advancements enabled them to defeat the Carthaginians. Rome wins the 1st Punic War! Carthage has to give up Sicily and pay Rome a huge indemnity (fees for damages).

The Second Punic War Hannibal’s Surprise Carthage was led by HANNIBAL a Military Genius. He used 50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry and 38 elephants. Hannibal’s Surprise The Carthaginian army marched through Spain and turned south through the Alps to Rome. He picked up mercenaries (private paid soldiers) in both areas along the way. No one had attacked the city of Rome before

Crossing the rivers in Spain

Traveled across the Alps Hannibal lost half his men and 37 elephants

The Second Punic War For 10 years Hannibal pillaged northern Italy Finally a Roman general name SCIPIO defeated Hannibal.

Coming of the THIRD PUNIC WAR Carthage was finished after Second Punic War Effects of the 2nd Punic War Hannibal committed suicide Economy shattered Lost all territory to Rome Feared Carthage’s Revenge. They would rise again to attack Rome for a 3rd time Notably Cato the Elder, Roman Senator Pushed for another war that would wipe Carthage off the face of the map Cato the Elder

The Third Punic War By this time, Carthage was no longer a threat. Cato a influential senator reminded them of the terror Hannibal laid on Italy. Romans destroy Carthage and sold all of Carthaginians into slavery!

ROME WINS A THIRD TIME Effect of the 3rd Punic War Easy Victory Entire population of city sold into slavery Took all their valuable to Rome Everything else burned and dumped into the sea Site sown with salt so that nothing would ever grow there again Carthage completely disappeared

Rome In Control Victory in the Punic Wars gave Rome control of the Mediterranean Basin

Rome drawn into the affairs of the successor kingdoms Took over Greece, Macedonia, some of Asia Minor, Syria, Aegean and eastern Mediterranean islands by 133 BC Rome drawn into the affairs of the successor kingdoms Rome eventually became weary of playing this endless refereeing role and realized that the continued independence of the successor kingdoms threaten Roman interests Successor kingdom increasingly called on Roman aid in their incessant wars against each other Rome always responded in the belief that achieving a balance of power in the east was better than having one successor kingdom become too powerful and challenge Rome Effect on the Roman World

Pictures Cited Slide 1 – http://www.crystalinks.com/punicwars.jpg