BESTA FÁANLEGA TÆKNI Best Available Techniques (BAT)

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Presentation transcript:

BESTA FÁANLEGA TÆKNI Best Available Techniques (BAT) Fyrirlestraröð Umhverfisstofnunar Haustið 2005: BESTA FÁANLEGA TÆKNI Best Available Techniques (BAT) Stefán Einarsson

Besta fáanlega tækni er framleiðsluaðferð og tækjakostur sem beitt er til að lágmarka mengun og myndun úrgangs. Tækni nær til framleiðsluaðferðar, tækjakosts, hönnunar mannvirkja, eftirlits og viðhalds búnaðarins og starfrækslu hans. Með fáanlegri tækni er átt við aðgengilega framleiðsluaðferð og tækjakost (tækni) og skal tekið mið af tæknilegum og efnahagslegum aðstæðum. Með bestu er átt við virkustu aðferðina til að vernda alla þætti umhverfisins.

Hvaðan kemur þetta og hvar er þetta í íslenskum lögum og reglugerðum? TILSKIPUN RÁÐSINS 96/61/EB um samþættar mengunarvarnir og eftirlit með mengun Í 5. gr. laga nr. 7/1998, um hollustuhætti og mengunarvarnir Í 6.gr laga nr. 33/2004 um varnir gegn mengun hafs og stranda Í reglugerð nr 785/1999 um starfsleyfi fyrir atvinnurekstur sem getur haft í för með sér mengun

Hvað segja lögin? 5. gr. laga nr. 7/1998 Krafist skal bestu fáanlegrar tækni við mengunarvarnir í þeim atvinnugreinum þar sem slíkt hefur verið skilgreint og skulu ákvæði um mengunarvarnir taka mið af því 6.gr laga nr. 33/2004 Umhverfisráðherra setur, reglugerðir almenn ákvæði um: bestu fáanlegu tækni við mengunarvarnir og bestu umhverfisvenjur þar sem slíkt hefur verið skilgreint

Skyld hugtök og notkun OSPAR-samningurinn Stokkhólmssamningurinn best available techniques best environmental practice clean technology Stokkhólmssamningurinn BATNEC best available technology not entailing excessive cost

Hvar er BAT skilgreint? OSPAR Norræna ráðherranefndin Evrópusambandið http://www.ospar.org/eng/html/welcome.html Norræna ráðherranefndin http://www.norden.org/start/start.asp Evrópusambandið http://eippcb.jrc.es/

Skýrslur norræna BAT hópsins Möjligheter att minska miljöbelastningen från garverier Möjligheter att minska miljöbelastningen från ytbehandlingsindustrin BAT i tekstil vådbehandling Reduksjon av lösningsmiddelutslipp fra billakkeringsanl. Skipsverfter BAT i fiskeindustrien Implementering av BAT i små og mellomstore bedrifter BAT i grafisk industri BAT för slakterier BAT för mejerier BAT för ytbehandling av metaller Miljövänligare metallbearbetningsprocesser BAT för fiskodling Broschyr för småbåtshamnar Håndtering av avfall ombord på fiskefartøyer og mindre fartøyer Production of Iron & Steel och Ferrous metals processing BAT för Fordonsverkstäder BAT för Fordonstvättar Pulp and paper Non-ferrous metals

Evrópsk BREF Pulp and Paper manufacture Iron and Steel production Cement and Lime production Cooling Systems Chlor-Alkali manufacture Ferrous Metal processing Non-Ferrous Metal processes Glass manufacture Tanning of hides and skins Textile processing Monitoring systems Refineries Large Volume Organic Chemicals Smitheries and Foundries Intensive Livestock Farming Emissions from storage of bulk or dangerous materials Slaughterhouses and Animal By-products Food, Drink and Milk processes Ceramics Management of Tailings and Waste-Rock in Mining Activities Surface treatment of metals Surface treatments using solvents Waste Incineration Waste Treatments[Previously Waste Recovery/Disposal activities] Specialty inorganic chemicals Organic fine chemicals Polymers Energy Efficiency Common waste water and waste gas treatment and management systems in the chemical sector Economic and cross media issues under IPPC Large Combustion Plant Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Ammonia, Acids & Fertilisers Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals - Solid & Others

BREF – skipulag skýrslnanna Samantekt Inngangur Almennar upplýsingar Framleiðsluaðferðir og tækni Núverandi losun og notkun hráefna Tækni sem til greina kemur sem BAT Besta fáanlega tækni (BAT) Tæknilausnir í þróun Umræða um niðurstöður Viðaukar

Þátttaka almennings Möguleikar á að gera athugasemdir áður en ákvörðun er tekin um útgáfu starfsleyfis Aðgengi að upplýsingum um losun mengandi efna frá atvinnurekstri Útstreymisbókhald Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER) http://www.eper.cec.eu.int/eper/default.asp Grænt bókhald http://www.ust.is/

Hvað er framundan? Fyrirtæki sem voru starfandi árið 1999 skulu uppfylla kröfur um BAT í síðasta lagi 31. Október 2007 Endurskoðun IPPC tilskipunarinnar Evrópskt PRTR

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