Unit 10: Civil Rights Movement

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 10: Civil Rights Movement 5.9.16

Brown v. Board of Education

Definitions De jure segregation De facto segregation Segregation mandated by law When public facilities are legally declared to be segregated De facto segregation Segregation that is not legally mandated but happens anyway Segregation of neighborhoods, facilities, etc.

Background: Jim Crow Laws

Jim Crow Laws State and local laws in the South between 1876 and 1965 Limited African-Americans’ rights: Tried to limit voting No inter-marriage Mandated segregation Schools Public transportation Restrooms

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 Homer Plessy was told he would have to move to a “colored” car on a train Refused & was arrested Supreme Court’s ruling: Upheld racial segregation as long as separate but equal

14th amendment Provides a definition of citizenship: “Persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the United States” Every citizen gets “equal protection of the laws”

Supreme Court Background It does NOT make laws. It only interprets the constitutionality of previously made laws. For instance, the Brown v. Board decision does not make public school segregation illegal. Instead, it says laws that segregate schools are unconstitutional, and therefore void.

NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Wanted to end segregation

Thurgood Marshall Head of Legal Defense Fund (Lead attorney for the NAACP)

Status of black schools in the South under segregation Atlanta, GA: 1948-9. $228.05 for blacks, $750 for whites 36.2 black children per classroom, 22.6 white children per classroom In Clarenden, Virginia: 1950s Three black schools for 808 black students Two white schools for 276 white students Black schools lacked running water, some without electricity Curriculum In white schools, students could take biology, typing, and bookkeeping In black schools, students could take agriculture and home economics.

Linda Brown 7 years old Registered for school at Sumner School in Topeka, Kansas

Brown vs. Board The Brown family sued to protest the segregation of schools The decision in this case was one of the most important Supreme Court decisions of all time The decision also kicked off the Civil Rights Movement

Key Evidence: From Dr. Kenneth Clark Dr. Kenneth Clark studied children’s beliefs about race Thurgood Marshall used this as his key evidence in the Brown case Watch the clip: 1. Explain the experiment & why it might help Marshall make his case http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=85-EC_nDlpY&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTYn1WRCuoU&NR=1

The Decision Read the decision, then answer the questions on the notes sheet

Significance of Brown v. Board Separate but equal is inherently unequal Beginning of the end of segregation Kicks off Civil Rights Movement

MLK on segregation: “There are at least three basic reasons why segregation is evil. The first reason is that segregation inevitably makes for inequality… Segregation sears the soul of both the segregated and the segregator…It gives the segregated a false sense of inferiority and the segregator a false sense of superiority. It ends up depersonalizing the segregated…this is why segregation is utterly evil and utterly un-Christian.”

The Little Rock Nine with Daisy Bates, the Arkansas NAACP leader

Who are they? The Little Rock Nine are a group of 9 African American students who started the integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.

The Public Reaction Arkansas Govenor Orval Faubus opposed integration He ordered the Arkansas National Gaurd to surround Central High and keep all blacks out of the school

Federal Government’s Reaction Judge Ronald N. Davies granted an injunction that prevented Faubus from using the National Guard Faubus went along with the court order but said the kids should still stay away if they wanted to stay safe At this point, President Eisenhower intervened

Eisenhower President Eisenhower called members of the US Army’s 101st Airborne Division to protect the students The nine were escorted back into Central for their first full day on September 25th, 1957, under federal troop escort

At School They suffered constant harassment that included getting kicked, shoved, spit on and called names. This harassment was so bad the federal government assigned them all personal guards.

Film PBS Documentary Series Eyes on the Prize Episode 2: Fighting Back