The Fur Trade: Phase Three 1670-1760 Social Studies 7

Phase 3; 1670-1760 Britain establishes the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) in 1670 Cree and Nakoda middlemen emerged Voyageurs emerged The Francophone Metis have their own origin The Scottish Metis have their origins

HBC Established HBC competed with France Britain gave merchants a monopoly on trade in the area.

Cree and Nakoda Middleman HBC needed partners to work between its forts and the First Nations. Cree and Nakoda were located between French and British trading networks. The Anishinabe and Canadien Coureur de Bois became middlemen as well

Voyageurs Emerged After the Haudenosaunee defeated the Ouendat, New France needed a way to maintain trade. New France established forts in the Great Lakes region and hired men to travel and trade between the settlements. These men became known as voyageurs.

Francophone Metis French Trading Strategy- develop direct contact and partnership with the First Nations How are we going to do this? Foster cross-cultural marriages Metis means “mixed”

Scottish Metis British recruited many men from Scotland. They were chosen because the land in Scotland closely resembled the land Britain wanted them to explore and trade in HBC discouraged cross-cultural relationships, however, families still emerged

Economic Competition Built Connections Cree and Nakoda people became involved in the fur trade as middlemen This built relationships between the French or British traders and the First Nations Metis emerged both with the Francophone as well as with the Scottish.

Economic Competition Created Conflict France and Britain were rivals French-Haudenosaunee war (also known as the Beaver Wars) spanned 1609-1701

How did Geography affect the location of the HBC? Britain needed shipping points to make the fur trade happen and France had the only other possible shipping points in the St. Lawrence. Britain relied on the rivers that flowed into the Hudson’s Bay as it’s connections to supplies of furs in the interior. The connection of the rivers and thebay was important because rivers were transportaion routes.

HBC Past and Present Compare the HBC today with the HBC of the past. Complete the worksheets provided, use a laptop or computer if necessary.