First attempt Canada, 1930s A. T. Steward Imported almost all its fuel Niagara Falls’ hydroelectric generating capacity was only 30-40% used There was no way of storing the rest of the energy A. T. Steward Uses the surplus to make H2 Uses most of the H2 for fertilizers Plans to use the rest for residential hitting and to power vehicles The project is abandoned because cheaper natural gas appears

Conclusion There is a lot of wasted energy, which could be stored H2 is a very good way of storing it Even if using H2 is ecological, people will go for the cheaper alternative

Producing Hydrogen Source: American Chemical Society

Hydrogen Economy Source: Green Island Intl. Ltd.

The Past 1800 – electrolysis is invented 1807 – first hydrogen car 1845 – first fuel cell 1889 – first practical fuel cell 1920 – first practical hydrogen car 1959 – first fuel cell vehicle 1970 – first plans for a H2 economy 1988 – first hydrogen plane

Present H2 gas stations Fuel cell cars Current price = 1 mil. $ On the road = 100-300 Build models = 200 Competitors : hybrid improved gasoline Worldwide = 120 + 40 Japan = 12

The Present Other Cogeneration Current price = 1 mil. Yen Fuel cell bus Current price = 1 mil. Yen Installed = 600 Economy = 40% Savings = 26% C02 reduction = 40% Fuel cell bike Fuel cell laptop

The Future (maybe) 2010 – household cogeneration systems spread (Japan – more than 10000) 2015-2020 – fuel cell cars will be mass produced and become competitive 2030 – Japan has 15 mil. FCV cars (20%)