When: Monday 26, 4 pm Where: ECJ Building, Classroom 3.402 Seminar: Modeling and Simulation for Smart, Sustainable, and Resilient Cities Dr. Wangda Zhuo. Associate Professor Building Systems Engineering, UC Boulder When: Monday 26, 4 pm Where: ECJ Building, Classroom 3.402

Lecture Objectives: Finish with intro for Project 1: Chiller - Cooling towers and modeling

Cooling Tower Performance Curve TCTR Outdoor WBT from chiller TCTS to chiller Temperature difference: R= TCTR -TCTS TCTS Most important variable is wet bulb temperature TCTS = f( WBToutdoor air , TCTR , cooling tower properties) or for a specific cooling tower type TCTS = f( WBToutdoor air , R) WBT

Cooling Tower Model Model which predict tower-leaving water temperature (TCTS) for arbitrary entering water temperature (TCTR) and outdoor air wet bulb temperature (WBT) Temperature difference: R= TCTR -TCTS Model: For HW 3b: You will need to find coefficient a4, b4, c4, d4, e4, f4, g4, h4, and i4 based on the graph from the previous slide and two variable function fitting procedure

Modeling of Water Cooled Chiller (COP=Qcooling/Pelectric) Chiller model: COP= f(TCWS , TCTS , Qcooling , chiller properties)

Modeling of Water Cooled Chiller Chiller model: Chiller data: QNOMINAL nominal cooling power, PNOMINAL electric consumption for QNOMINAL Available capacity as function of evaporator and condenser temperature Cooling water supply Cooling tower supply Full load efficiency as function of condenser and evaporator temperature Efficiency as function of percentage of load Part load: The consumed electric power [KW] under any condition of load The coefiecnt of performance under any condition Reading: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/pdfs/engineeringreference.pdf page 597.

Combining Chiller and Cooling Tower Models Function of TCTS 3 equations from previous slide Add your equation for TCTS → 4 equation with 4 unknowns (you will need to calculate R based on water flow in the cooling tower loop)

Merging Two Models Temperature difference: R= TCTR -TCTS Model: Link between the chiller and tower models is the Q released on the condenser: Q condenser = Qcooling + Pcompressor ) - First law of Thermodynamics Q condenser = (mcp)water form tower (TCTR-TCTS) m cooling tower is given - property of a tower TCTR= TCTS - Q condenser / (mcp)water Finally: Find P() or The only fixed variable is TCWS = 5C (38F) and Pnominal and Qnominal for a chiller (defined in nominal operation condition: TCST and TCSW); Based on Q() and WBT you can find P() and COP().

Low Order Building Modeling Measured data or Detailed modeling Find Q() = f (DBT)

For HW3a (variable sped pump efficiency) you will need Q() Yearly based analysis: You will need Q() for 365 days x 24 hours Use simple molded below and the Syracuse, NY TMY weather file posted in the course handout section 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 4 8 12 16   Q=-0.45 +0.0448*t Q=--27.48+0.5152*t Q [ton] t [F] TMY 3 for Syracuse, NY http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old_data/nsrdb/1991-2005/tmy3/by_state_and_city.html

For Austin’s Office Building Model: (Area = 125,000sf) Hours in a year kW Used for component capacity analysis Model =0 when building is off Reading assignment: http://www.taylor-engineering.com/downloads/cooltools/EDR_DesignGuidelines_CoolToolsChilledWater.pdf Chapter: 2 Number of hours

Modeling of chilled water tank (stratified vs. mixing) From building To chiller Stratification To building From chiller Mixing happens if the supply temperature vary Mixing model: mcpDT/D = Qin –  Qout

Stratification Dr. Jing Song’s PhD results Flow time at 20 minutes CFD domain Flow time at 1 minute

Stratified model (simplified) However even if the chiller supply constant T the return water from building is not constant! From building To chiller T1 T2 Building Building T3 Tn To building From chiller For a constant T supply it is a very simple model chiller chiller Model details in “Solar Engineering of Thermal Process”

Tank model Flow indicator: Flow for each node: Energy balance: Building Building Flow for each node: Energy balance: chiller chiller